Susceptibility Patterns in <i>Staphylococcus</i> and <i>Klebsiella</i> Causing Nosocomial Infections upon Treatment with <i>E</i>-Anethole-Rich Essential Oil from <i>Clausena anisata</i>
High rates of resistance to antibiotics are associated with healthcare-related infections, thus demonstrating the urgent need for effective antimicrobials against these maladies. The present study aims to determine the chemical composition of essential oil (EO) from <i>Clausena anisata</i&g...
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MDPI AG,
2024-03-01T00:00:00Z.
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| Samenvatting: | High rates of resistance to antibiotics are associated with healthcare-related infections, thus demonstrating the urgent need for effective antimicrobials against these maladies. The present study aims to determine the chemical composition of essential oil (EO) from <i>Clausena anisata</i> leaves and evaluate their antibacterial activity against selected nosocomial bacteria. To this end, one kilogram (1 kg) of fresh leaves of <i>C. anisata</i> was washed and boiled with 500 mL of distilled water for 2−4 h using a Clevenger apparatus. The oil was then collected in an Erlenmeyer, dried using anhydrous sodium sulfate, bottled in a tinted glass bottle and refrigerated at 4 °C before analysis. Next, the as-prepared oil was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oil was further tested against a panel of selected nosocomial bacteria, including <i>Staphylococcus</i> and <i>Klebsiella</i> species, among others, by microdilution using a resazurin assay to determine the minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MICs and MBCs, respectively). As a result, 0.77% of EO was extracted from fresh leaves of <i>C. anisata</i>. The GC-MS analysis revealed that the as-prepared essential oil contained E-anethole (70.77%), methyl isoeugenol (13.85%), estragole (4.10%), γ-terpinene (3.33%), myrcene (2.82%) and sabinene (0.77%), with E-anethole being the major constituent. Twenty-two compounds were identified in the EO of <i>C. anisata</i> leaves through gas chromatography. Upon antibacterial testing against selected nosocomial pathogens, the <i>E</i>-anethole-rich essential oil exhibited MIC and MBC values ranging from 3.91 to 125 µg/mL and 7.81 to 125 µg/mL, respectively, indicative of a bactericidal orientation of the plant's essential oil (MIC/MBC ratio < 4). This novel contribution highlights the scientific validation of the use of <i>C. anisata</i> leaves in the traditional treatment of various infectious diseases. However, toxicity and pharmacokinetic studies, mechanistic bases of the antibacterial action, and in vivo antibacterial experiments of the <i>E</i>-anethole-rich EO of <i>C. anisata</i> should be investigated to successfully use this plant in the treatment of infectious diseases. |
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| Beschrijving item: | 10.3390/ddc3010014 2813-2998 |