Polyphenols and IUGR Pregnancies: Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Hydroxytyrosol Affect the Development and Neurotransmitter Profile of the Hippocampus in a Pig Model

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to poor growth of a fetus during pregnancy due to deficient maternal nutrition or oxygen supply. Supplementation of a mother's diet with antioxidants, such as hydroxytyrosol (HTX), has been proposed to ameliorate the adverse phenotypes of IUGR. In t...

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Main Authors: Natalia Yeste (Author), Néstor Gómez (Author), Marta Vázquez-Gómez (Author), Consolación García-Contreras (Author), Martí Pumarola (Author), Antonio González-Bulnes (Author), Anna Bassols (Author)
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Published: MDPI AG, 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z.
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042 |a dc 
100 1 0 |a Natalia Yeste  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Néstor Gómez  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Marta Vázquez-Gómez  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Consolación García-Contreras  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Martí Pumarola  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Antonio González-Bulnes  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Anna Bassols  |e author 
245 0 0 |a Polyphenols and IUGR Pregnancies: Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Hydroxytyrosol Affect the Development and Neurotransmitter Profile of the Hippocampus in a Pig Model 
260 |b MDPI AG,   |c 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z. 
500 |a 10.3390/antiox10101505 
500 |a 2076-3921 
520 |a Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to poor growth of a fetus during pregnancy due to deficient maternal nutrition or oxygen supply. Supplementation of a mother's diet with antioxidants, such as hydroxytyrosol (HTX), has been proposed to ameliorate the adverse phenotypes of IUGR. In the present study, sows were treated daily with or without 1.5 mg of HTX per kilogram of feed from day 35 of pregnancy (at 30% of the total gestational period), and fetuses were sampled at day 100 of gestation. Fetuses were classified as normal body weight (NBW) or low body weight (LBW) as a consequence of IUGR, constituting four groups: NBW-Control, NBW-HTX, LBW-Control, and LBW-HTX. The brain was removed, and the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex were rapidly dissected. Neuronal markers were studied by immunohistochemistry, and a decrease in the number of mature neurons in the hippocampal <i>Cornu Ammonis</i> subfield 1 (CA1) and the <i>Dentate Gyrus</i> (DG) regions was observed in LBW fetuses together with a higher number of immature neurons and other alterations in neuronal morphology. Furthermore, IUGR conditions altered the neurotransmitter (NT) profile, since an increase in the serotonin (5-HT) pathway was observed in LBW fetuses. Supplementation with HTX was able to reverse the morphological and neurochemical changes, leading both characteristics to values similar to those of NBW fetuses. 
546 |a EN 
690 |a hydroxytyrosol 
690 |a neurotransmitters 
690 |a intrauterine growth restriction 
690 |a hippocampus 
690 |a brain 
690 |a pig 
690 |a Therapeutics. Pharmacology 
690 |a RM1-950 
655 7 |a article  |2 local 
786 0 |n Antioxidants, Vol 10, Iss 10, p 1505 (2021) 
787 0 |n https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/10/1505 
787 0 |n https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3921 
856 4 1 |u https://doaj.org/article/5a59a7d0fe8e444d84aad34dc7eebcbc  |z Connect to this object online.