Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils and <i>Trametes versicolor</i> Extract against <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i> subsp. <i>michiganensis</i> and <i>Ralstonia</i> <i>solanacearum</i> for Seed Treatment and Development of a Rapid In Vivo Assay
<i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i> subsp. <i>michiganensis</i> (Smith) Davis et al. (Cmm) and <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> Yabuuchi et al. (Smith) (Rs) are important seed-borne bacterial pathogens of tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) listed as A2 pes...
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Format: | Book |
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MDPI AG,
2020-09-01T00:00:00Z.
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Summary: | <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i> subsp. <i>michiganensis</i> (Smith) Davis et al. (Cmm) and <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> Yabuuchi et al. (Smith) (Rs) are important seed-borne bacterial pathogens of tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) listed as A2 pests in the EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization) region. At present, there are few strategies to control these pathogens, and seed control with eco-compatible approaches is widely encouraged. In this work, the essential oils (EOs) of oregano (<i>Origanum vulgare</i>), garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i>), basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i>), cinnamon (<i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i>), clove buds (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>), thyme (<i>Thymus vulgaris</i>), and <i>Trametes versicolor</i> extract (Tve) were tested in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against Cmm and Rs (broth microdilution method). The tested EOs and the Tve extract caused a significant inhibition of bacterial growth, with very promising MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) and MIC90 (minimum inhibitory concentration causing a 90% growth inhibition) values. Moreover, an in vivo germination test showed no major reduction in seed germination when the substances were applied as seed treatment. A rapid molecular screening method has been developed, through real-time PCR, for the specific quantification of Cmm in the presence of a vegetable matrix to test in vivo the antimicrobial efficacy of oregano and cinnamon oil on seed treatment without resorting to whole plant essays, which are time- and space-consuming. |
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Item Description: | 10.3390/antibiotics9090628 2079-6382 |