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Synergy Between Vitamin D and Sex Hormones in Respiratory Functionality of Patients Affected by COVID-19

The outcome of COVID-19 appears to be influenced by vitamin D status of population. Although epidemiological data indicate that COVID-19 produces more severe symptoms and higher mortality in elderly in comparison to young patients and in men in comparison to women to date sex and age differences in...

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Main Authors: Daniela Peruzzu (Author), Maria Teresa Pagano (Author), Marina Pierdominici (Author), Anna Ruggieri (Author), Andrea Antinori (Author), Gianpiero D'Offizi (Author), Nicola Petrosillo (Author), Fabrizio Palmieri (Author), Pierluca Piselli (Author), Evangelo Boumis (Author), Stefania Notari (Author), Emanuele Nicastri (Author), Chiara Agrati (Author), Giuseppe Ippolito (Author), Maria Cristina Gagliardi (Author), Maria Rosaria Capobianchi (Author), Elena Ortona (Author), INMI-ISS (Author)
Format: Book
Published: Frontiers Media S.A., 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z.
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Summary:The outcome of COVID-19 appears to be influenced by vitamin D status of population. Although epidemiological data indicate that COVID-19 produces more severe symptoms and higher mortality in elderly in comparison to young patients and in men in comparison to women to date sex and age differences in vitamin D status in infected patients have not been evaluated yet. In this study we evaluated the levels of circulating 25(OH)D in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 divided accordingly to their sex and age. We also correlated 25(OH)D levels with patient's respiratory status (i.e., PaO2/FiO2 ratio) and with sex hormones plasma levels to analyze the potential relationship of these parameters. We found no significant differences in plasma levels of 25(OH)D between pre- and post-menopausal female patients and age matched male patients. Interestingly, the 25(OH)D plasma levels positively correlated to PaO2/FiO2 ratio only in young patients, regardless of their sex. We also found a significantly positive correlation between 17β-estradiol and 25(OH)D in elderly women and between testosterone and 25(OH)D in elderly men, supporting the role of sex hormones in maintaining 25(OH)D levels. In conclusion, we suggest that a synergy between vitamin D and sex hormones could contribute to the age-related outcome of COVID-19.
Item Description:1663-9812
10.3389/fphar.2021.683529

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