Optimisation of asarone removal from Piper sarmentosum Roxburgh leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction: the Box-Behnken design

• Main Authors: Mohd Shahrul Ridzuan Hamil (Author), Nornisah Mohamed (Author), Zhari Ismail (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Universidade de São Paulo, 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 2175-9790; 10.1590/s2175-97902022000x2e19212
• Keywords: Piper sarmentosum; Supercritical fluid extraction; Asarone; Optimisation; Box- Behnken; HPLC; Pharmacy and materia medica; RS1-441
• Source: Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 58 (2022)

Abstract Piper sarmentosum is a herbaceous shrub with numerous pharmacological benefits. However, the presence of two toxic phenylpropanoids (α- and β-asarone) limits the medicinal usage of the plant. In this study, the extraction of three asarone isomers, namely α-, β-, and -asarone was optimised using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SC-CO2) combined with Box-Behnken experimental design. Comparison of asarone contents in different conventional solvent extracts of P. sarmentosum leaves prior to and after SC-CO2 extraction was performed. The SC-CO2 method successfully maximised the extraction of α-, β-, and ɣ-asarone at P = 81.16 bar, T = 50.11°C, and t = 80.90 min, yielding 13.91% α-asarone, 3.43% β-asarone, and 14.95% ɣ-asarone. The SC-CO2 residue of the leaves re-extracted with conventional solvents showed a significant decrease of asarone ranging from 45% to 100% (p<0.001) compared to their counterparts without SC-CO2 treatment. α-, β-, and ɣ-asarone were completely removed in the ethanol extract of the residue. These findings suggested that the optimised SC-CO2 extraction parameters may serve as a quick treatment step for the selective removal of asarone from P. sarmentosum to develop safer extracts for the food and nutraceutical industries applications.