Preparation and Characterization of Transethosome Formulation for the Enhanced Delivery of Sinapic Acid

• Main Authors: Yousef A. Bin Jardan (Author), Abdul Ahad (Author), Mohammad Raish (Author), Fahad I. Al-Jenoobi (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2023-09-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102391; 1999-4923
• Keywords: stratum corneum; lipid-based vesicles; ultra-deformable vesicles; dermal/transdermal; Pharmacy and materia medica; RS1-441
• Source: Pharmaceutics, Vol 15, Iss 10, p 2391 (2023)

Sinapic acid (SA) is a bioactive phenolic acid; its diverse properties are its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial activities. The bioactive compound SA is poorly soluble in water. Our goal was to formulate SA-transethosomes using thin-film hydration. The prepared formulations were examined for various parameters. In addition, the optimized formulation was evaluated for surface morphology, in-vitro penetration studies across the Strat M^®, and its antioxidant activity. The optimized formulation (F5) exhibited 74.36% entrapment efficacy. The vesicle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index were found to be 111.67 nm, −7.253 mV, and 0.240, respectively. The surface morphology showed smooth and spherical vesicles of SA-transethosomes. In addition, the prepared SA-transethosomes exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity. The SA-transethosomes demonstrated considerably greater penetration across the Strat M^® membrane during the study. The flux of SA and SA-transethosomes through the Strat M^® membrane was 1.03 ± 0.07 µg/cm²/h and 2.93 ± 0.16 µg/cm²/h. The enhancement ratio of SA-transethosomes was 2.86 ± 0.35 compared to the control. The SA-transethosomes are flexible nano-sized vesicles and are able to penetrate the entrapped drug in a higher concentration. Hence, it was concluded that SA-transethosome-based approaches have the potential to be useful for accentuating the penetrability of SA across the skin.