Inhibitory Effects of Ketamine on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglial Activation
Microglia activated in response to brain injury release neurotoxic factors including nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Ketamine, an anesthetic induction agent, is generally reserved for use in patients with severe hypo...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Book |
| Published: |
Hindawi Limited,
2009-01-01T00:00:00Z.
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| Online Access: | Connect to this object online. |
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