Intramuscular <i>versus</i> intradermal botulinum toxin for forehead wrinkles: a review of side effects and efficacy
Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is a neurotoxin used for both cosmetic and non-cosmetic purposes. BTA is commonly administered as an intramuscular injection to treat wrinkles. However, when it comes to treating forehead wrinkles, IM is associated with a greater rate of ptosis. Intradermal injection is...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Book |
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PAGEPress Publications,
2023-08-01T00:00:00Z.
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| Summary: | Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is a neurotoxin used for both cosmetic and non-cosmetic purposes. BTA is commonly administered as an intramuscular injection to treat wrinkles. However, when it comes to treating forehead wrinkles, IM is associated with a greater rate of ptosis. Intradermal injection is currently thought to be a better alternative. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for research articles published between 1989 and 2023 using the following keywords: "intradermal," "intramuscular," "botulinum toxin," and "forehead wrinkle." The search yielded three randomized controlled trials and a double-blind, split-face case report on 58 patients. We found that although intradermal and intramuscular injections have symmetrical anti-wrinkle effects, the former results in a lower rate of ptosis and a greater degree of pain. |
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| Item Description: | 10.4081/dr.2023.9799 2036-7392 2036-7406 |