Determination of fluoride content in toothpaste using spectrophotometry
<p><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Background: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: no...
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Universitas Airlangga,
2013-09-01T00:00:00Z.
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| Summary: | <p><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Background: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Intake excessive fluoride in children's teeth are generally marked with white and brown patches. Excessive fluoride </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>of more than 4.0 mg/L can cause a person suffering from poisoning, fragility of the bones (osteoporosis), liver and kidney damage. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Knowledge about the spectrophotometry for determination method of fluoride content in commercially available toothpaste is very </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>few. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Purpose: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>The purposes of study were to examine the suitable method for fluoride extraction and to determine out the accuracy, </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>precision, linearity, and stability of the measurement method of fluoride content in toothpaste. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Methods: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>The suitable F extraction </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>method was determined by the comparison among 3 methods of extraction; e.g. the dried samples were immersed in (1) distilled water, </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>(2) 96% HCl, and (3) 96% HNO</em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 7pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>3</em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>; and the validation methods of measurement were the maximum wavelength, standart curve, accuracy </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>test, precision test, and stability test. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Results: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Result showed that the fluoride extraction by using the concentrated HNO</em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 7pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>3 </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>was found to </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>have the highest levels of fluoride, followed by hydrochloric acid dissolution (HCl) and distilled water, while the method of validation </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>showed that SPADNS revealed the acceptable accuracy. Precision has the RSD </em><span style="font-family: SymbolMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">≤ <span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>2.00%. Furthermore the stability test result showed </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>that the measurement of fluoride less than 2 hours was still reliable. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Conclusion: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>The study suggested that the best result of fluoride </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>extraction from toothpaste could be gained by using concentrate HNO</em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 7pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>3</em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>, and the spectrophotometer (UV-Vis Mini Shimadzu U-1240) </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>and SPADNS have the acceptable accuracy.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 7pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 7pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: SymbolMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; c olor: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 7pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Latar Belakang: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Pemasukan fluoride yang berlebihan pada gigi anak ditandai dengan bercak putih dan coklat. Fluoride lebih </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>dari 4.0 mg / L dapat menyebabkan seseorang menderita keracunan , kerapuhan tulang (osteoporosis), kerusakan hati dan ginjal. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Pengetahuan tentang spektrofotometri untuk metode penentuan kadar fluoride dalam pasta gigi yang tersedia secara komersial sangat </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>sedikit . </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Tujuan: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan meneliti metode yang tepat untuk mengektrak kandungan fluoride dan mengukur akurasi, </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>presisi, linearitas dan stabilitas pengukuran kandungan fluoride pada pasta gigi. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Metode: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Metode ekstrak yang tepat ditentukan </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>dengan membandingkan 3 metode, yaitu dengan perendamam sampel kering dalam (1) air destilasi, (2) HCl 96%, dan (3) HNO</em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 7pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>3 </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>96%; dan validasi metode yang memperhitungkan panjang gelombang, kurva standar, tes akurasi, presisi, dan stabilitas. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Hasil: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Hasil menunjukkan bahwa metode ekstrasi fluoride pada pasta gigi dengan menggunakan metode HNO</em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 7pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>3 </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>didapatkan level fluoride </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>tertinggi, diikuti dengan metode HCl dan air destilasi. Hasil validasi metoda menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan SPADNS akurasinya </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>dapat diterima. Presisi mempunyai RSD </em><span style="font-family: SymbolMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">≤<span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>2,00%. Pada tes stabilitas didapatkan hasil bahwa pengukuran kadar fluorida dalam waktu</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>tidak lebih dari 2 jam masih dapat dilakukan. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Simpulan: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil terbaik ekstraksi fluoride dari pasta </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>gigi dapat diperoleh dengan menggunakan HNO</em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 7pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>3</em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>, dan spectrophotometer (UV-Vis Mini Shimadzu U-1240) dan SPADNS memiliki </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>pengukuran yang akurat.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> |
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| Item Description: | 1978-3728 2442-9740 10.20473/j.djmkg.v46.i3.p124-129 |