Biodiesel Synthesis of Crude Palm Oil By Using Bifunctional Catalyst Sn/Kaolinite and K2CO3

• Main Authors: Abdullah Yamani Noor (Author), Thamrin Usman (Author), Nelly Wahyuni (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, 2024-10-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Summary

<p><span lang="EN-US">The relatively high content of free fatty </span><span lang="EN-US">acids</span><span lang="EN-US"> in crude palm oil inhibits the direct synthesis of biodiesel. The use of a bifunctional solid heterogeneous catalyst allows for simultaneous transesterification-esterification reactions and facilitates the purification of the final product from the reaction mixture. This study aimed to synthesize biodiesel from crude palm oil </span><span lang="EN-US">via the use of</span><span lang="EN-US"> a Sn-K/</span><span lang="EN-US">metakaolinite</span><span lang="EN-US"> catalyst in </span><span lang="EN-US">a</span><span lang="EN-US"> simultaneous transesterification-esterification reaction. </span><span lang="EN-US">Biodiesel</span><span lang="EN-US"> synthesis was carried out using crude palm oil before and after pretreatment. </span><span lang="EN-US">The optimum</span><span lang="EN-US"> conditions were determined by </span><span lang="EN-US">the </span><span lang="EN-US">reaction time (</span><span lang="EN-US">1-5</span><span lang="EN-US"> hours), reactant molar ratio (1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 1:10, 1:12), </span><span lang="EN-US">and </span><span lang="EN-US">catalyst concentration (1,</span><span lang="EN-US">3, </span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span lang="EN-US">7 and 9%)</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span lang="EN-US"> and the resulting methyl esters were measured for density, viscosity, </span><span lang="EN-US">and </span><span lang="EN-US">free fatty acids and analyzed </span><span lang="EN-US">via GC‒MS</span><span lang="EN-US">. The results obtained indicate that biodiesel synthesis was successfully carried out with </span><span lang="EN-US">completely</span><span lang="EN-US"> converted methyl esters </span><span lang="EN-US">via</span><span lang="EN-US"> treated crude palm oil. The optimum conditions </span><span lang="EN-US">for</span><span lang="EN-US"> the reaction </span><span lang="EN-US">included</span><span lang="EN-US"> a reaction time of 3 hours, a catalyst concentration of 5% and a reactant molar ratio of 1:10. The resulting methyl ester product has a density of 0.86 g/mL, a viscosity of 3.02 cSt and </span><span lang="EN-US">a free fatty acid content</span><span lang="EN-US"> of 0.059%. The results of the </span><span lang="EN-US">GC‒MS</span><span lang="EN-US"> analysis </span><span lang="EN-US">revealed</span><span lang="EN-US"> that the dominant methyl ester components were methyl oleate and methyl palmitate. </span><span lang="EN-US">The synthesis</span><span lang="EN-US"> of biodiesel from crude palm oil with </span><span lang="EN-US">a </span><span lang="EN-US">Sn-K/</span><span lang="EN-US">metakaolinite</span><span lang="EN-US"> catalyst has been proven to be carried out in simultaneous transesterification-esterification reactions with good catalytic activity.</span></p>

Item Description

2502-4779
2502-4787
10.30870/educhemia.v9i2.25035