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Fucoxanthin's Optimization from <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> Using Conventional Heat Extraction, Bioactivity Assays and In Silico Studies

Brown macroalgae are a potential source of natural pigments. Among them, <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> is recognized for its high concentration of fucoxanthin (Fx), which is a pigment with a wide range of bioactivities. In this study, three independent parameters were optimized for conventi...

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Main Authors: Catarina Lourenço-Lopes (Author), Maria Fraga-Corral (Author), Anton Soria-Lopez (Author), Bernabe Nuñes-Estevez (Author), Marta Barral-Martinez (Author), Aurora Silva (Author), Ningyang Li (Author), Chao Liu (Author), Jesus Simal-Gandara (Author), Miguel A. Prieto (Author)
Format: Book
Published: MDPI AG, 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z.
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Summary:Brown macroalgae are a potential source of natural pigments. Among them, <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> is recognized for its high concentration of fucoxanthin (Fx), which is a pigment with a wide range of bioactivities. In this study, three independent parameters were optimized for conventional heat extraction (CHE) to maximize the recovery of Fx from <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i>. Optimal conditions (<i>temperature</i> = 45 °C, <i>solvent</i> = 70%, and <i>time</i> = 61 min) extracted 5.1 mg Fx/g dw. Later, the bioactivities of the Fx-rich extracts (antioxidant, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective) were assessed using in vitro and in silico approaches. In vitro assays indicated that Fx has a strong antioxidant capacity and even stronger antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria. This data was supported in silico where Fx established a high binding affinity to DR, a <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> protein, through aa ALA-8, LEU-21, and other alkane interactions. Finally, the in vitro enzymatic inhibition of AChE using Fx, was further supported using docking models that displayed Fx as having a high affinity for aa TYR72 and THR 75; therefore, the Fx extraction behavior explored in this work may reduce the costs associated with energy and solvent consumption. Moreover, this paper demonstrates the efficiency of CHE when recovering high amounts of Fx from <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i>. Furthermore, these findings can be applied in different industries.
Item Description:10.3390/antiox11071296
2076-3921

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