Dietary Fiber Intake May Influence the Impact of <i>FTO</i> Genetic Variants on Obesity Parameters and Lipid Profile-A Cohort Study of a Caucasian Population of Polish Origin

• Main Authors: Przemyslaw Czajkowski (Author), Edyta Adamska-Patruno (Author), Witold Bauer (Author), Urszula Krasowska (Author), Joanna Fiedorczuk (Author), Monika Moroz (Author), Maria Gorska (Author), Adam Kretowski (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2021-11-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 10.3390/antiox10111793; 2076-3921
• Keywords: <i>FTO</i> gene; dietary fiber; gene-diet interaction; glucose metabolism; macronutrients; obesity; Therapeutics. Pharmacology; RM1-950
• Source: Antioxidants, Vol 10, Iss 11, p 1793 (2021)

Genetic and environmental factors play a key role in the development of obesity. The aim of this study was to explore the potential effect of fat mass and obesity-associated (<i>FTO</i>) rs3751812, rs8050136, rs9939609, rs6499640, rs8044769, and rs7190492 genotypes and dietary fiber intake on the obesity-related parameters and lipid profile in the Polish population. We selected 819 Polish Caucasian adult subjects (52.5% female and 47.5% male) for a final gene-diet interaction analysis, with mean BMI 28.5 (±6.6) kg/m². We performed measurements of anthropometric parameters, total body fat content and distribution, and blood glucose, insulin, and lipid concentrations. Daily fiber intake was analyzed based on 3-day food-intake diaries, and daily physical activity was evaluated based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form. Our study shows that carriers of the GG genotype (rs3751812), CC genotype (rs8050136), and GG genotype (rs6499640) presented lower hip circumference if daily fiber intake was above 18 g per day. Additionally, GG genotype (rs3751812) and CC genotype (rs8050136) carriers showed surprisingly higher total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels when they were stratified to the group with higher than median fiber intake. The results of this study highlight that high-fiber diets may positively affect anthropometric parameters but may also worsen lipid profile dependent on the <i>FTO</i> genotype.