Factores de riesgo de depresión posparto en puérperas venezolanas valoradas por medio de la escala de Edimburgo

• Main Authors: José Urdaneta M (Author), Ana Rivera S (Author), José García I (Author), Mery Guerra V (Author), Nasser Baabel Z (Author), Alfi Contreras B (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Permanyer, 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 0048-766X; 0717-7526
• Keywords: Depresión posparto; Escala de Edimburgo; factores de riesgo; Postpartum Depression; Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; risk's factors; Gynecology and obstetrics; RG1-991
• Source: Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Vol 76, Iss 2, Pp 102-112 (2011)

Antecedentes: La depresión posparto (DPP) es un importante trastorno de la salud mental en la mujer, al cual se le han atribuido variados factores de riesgo para su presentación. Objetivo: Se propuso determinar los factores de riesgos para DPP en puérperas atendidas en la Maternidad "Dr. Armando Castillo Plaza" del Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, Venezuela. Método: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva con diseño no experimental, mediante una muestra de 100 puérperas, evaluadas por la Escala de Depresión Postparto de Edimburgo (EDPS). Resultados: Hubo una prevalencia del test positivo del 91%, con una prevalência de DPP confirmada mediante el DSM-IV del 22%. De las características evaluadas solo los trastornos médicos durante el embarazo, la enfermedad del neonato, no contar con el apoyo de su pareja, presentar antecedentes de depresión o melancolía o tener un nivel educativo primario o inferior, mostraron una asociación significativa con el desarrollo de DPP. El nacimiento mediante cesárea y no contar con el apoyo familiar presentaron una asociación significativa con el riesgo de DPP; mientras que el parto vaginal o haber alcanzado un nivel educativo superior a la primaria mostraron tener un efecto protector. Conclusión: Existe una alta prevalencia de DPP, con diversos factores de riesgo que permitirían tomar acciones para un diagnóstico oportuno de esta enfermedad.<br>Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major mental health disorder in women, which have been attributed to various risk factors for it presentation. Objective: To determine the PPD's risk factors present in the postpartum patients taken care of Maternity "Dr Armando Castillo Plaza" at the University Hospital of Maracaibo, Venezuela. Method: A descriptive study was conducted with non-experimental design, which included a sample of 100 postpartum women, as measured by the scale of the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression (EDPS). Results: The results demonstrated a prevalence of the positive test in 91% of the sample, with a confirmed prevalence of postpartum depression by the DSM-IV of 22%, determined that the characteristics assessed only medical disorders during pregnancy, the disease of the newborn, not having the support from your partner, have a history of depression or melancholy, or have a primary or lower education level, showed a significant association with the development of PPD. For its part, the birth by caesarean section and not having family support showed a significant association with the risk of PPD, while vaginal delivery or have reached a level higher than primary education showed a protective effect with this condition. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of postpartum depression, with several risk factors that would take action for a timely diagnosis of disease.