Ex-vivo Sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to Common Anti-malarial Drugs: The Case of Kéniéroba, a Malaria Endemic Village in Mali

• Main Authors: Karim Traoré (Author), Seidina A. S. Diakité (Author), Sekou Bah (Author), Drissa S. Konaté (Author), Djeneba Dabitao (Author), Ibrahim Sanogo (Author), Modibo Sangaré (Author), Souleymane Dama (Author), Bourama Keita (Author), Mory Doumbouya (Author), Merepen A. Guindo (Author), Seydou Doumbia (Author), Mahamadou Diakité (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Adis, Springer Healthcare, 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 10.1007/s40268-020-00313-4; 1174-5886; 1179-6901
• Keywords: Therapeutics. Pharmacology; RM1-950
• Source: Drugs in R&D, Vol 20, Iss 3, Pp 249-255 (2020)

Abstract Background In 2006, the National Malaria Control Program in Mali recommended artemisinin-based combination therapy as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. Since the introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapy, few reports are available on the level of resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to the most common anti-malarial drugs in Mali. Methods From 2016 to 2017, we assessed the ex-vivo drug sensitivity of P. falciparum isolates in Kéniéroba, a village located in a rural area of southern Mali. We collected P. falciparum isolates from malaria-infected children living in Kéniéroba. The isolates were tested for ex-vivo sensitivity to commonly used anti-malarial drugs, namely chloroquine, quinine, amodiaquine, mefloquine, lumefantrine, dihydroartermisinin, and piperaquine. We used the 50% inhibitory concentration determination method, which is based on the incorporation of SYBR® Green into the parasite's genetic material. Results Plasmodium falciparum isolates were found to have a reduced ex-vivo sensitivity to quinine (25.7%), chloroquine (12.2%), amodiaquine (2.7%), and mefloquine (1.3%). In contrast, the isolates were 100% sensitive to lumefantrine, dihydroartermisinin, and piperaquine. A statistically significant correlation was found between 50% inhibitory concentration values of quinine and amodiaquine (r = 0.80; p < 0.0001). Conclusions Plasmodium falciparum isolates were highly sensitive to dihydroartermisinin, lumefantrine, and piperaquine and less sensitive to amodiaquine (n = 2), mefloquine (n = 1), and quinine (n = 19). Therefore, our data support the previously reported increasing trend in chloroquine sensitivity in Mali.