Astaxanthin Protects Retinal Photoreceptor Cells against High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress by Induction of Antioxidant Enzymes via the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 Pathway
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major microvascular complication that can lead to severe visual impairment in patients with diabetes. The elevated oxidative stress and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by hyperglycemia have been reported to play an important role in the compl...
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Main Authors: | Tso-Ting Lai (Author), Chung-May Yang (Author), Chang-Hao Yang (Author) |
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Format: | Book |
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MDPI AG,
2020-08-01T00:00:00Z.
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Online Access: | Connect to this object online. |
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