Biological Obstacles for Identifying <i>In Vitro</i>-<i>In Vivo</i> Correlations of Orally Inhaled Formulations
Oral inhalation of drugs is the classic therapy of obstructive lung diseases. In contrast to the oral route, the link between <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> findings is less well defined and predictive models and parameters for <i>in vitro-in vivo</i> correlat...
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Published: |
MDPI AG,
2019-07-01T00:00:00Z.
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Connect to this object online. |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Summary: | Oral inhalation of drugs is the classic therapy of obstructive lung diseases. In contrast to the oral route, the link between <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> findings is less well defined and predictive models and parameters for <i>in vitro-in vivo</i> correlations are missing. Frequently used <i>in vitro</i> models and problems in obtaining <i>in vivo</i> values to establish such models and to identify the action of formulations in vivo are discussed. It may be concluded that major obstacles to link <i>in vitro</i> parameters on <i>in vivo</i> action include lack of treatment adherence and incorrect use of inhalers by patients, variation in inhaler performance, changes by humidity, uncertainties about lung deposition, and difficulties to measure drug levels in epithelial lining fluid and tissue. Physiologically more relevant <i>in vitro</i> models, improvement in inhaler performance, and better techniques for <i>in vivo</i> measurements may help to better understand importance and interactions between individual <i>in vitro</i> parameters in pulmonary delivery. |
|---|---|
| Item Description: | 1999-4923 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070316 |