Schistosomiasis was not associated with higher HIV-1 plasma or genital set point viral loads among HIV seroconverters from four cohort studies.

• Main Authors: Aaron F Bochner (Author), W Evan Secor (Author), Jared M Baeten (Author), Govert J van Dam (Author), Adam A Szpiro (Author), Sammy M Njenga (Author), Paul L A M Corstjens (Author), Romel D Mackelprang (Author), Nelly R Mugo (Author), Julie Overbaugh (Author), Connie Celum (Author), Andrew Mujugira (Author), R Scott McClelland (Author), Ruanne V Barnabas (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2019-11-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Summary

<h4>Background</h4>Many regions of sub-Saharan Africa experience a high prevalence of both schistosomiasis and HIV-1, leading to frequent coinfection. Higher plasma HIV-1 viral loads are associated with faster disease progression and genital HIV-1 loads are a primary determinant of HIV-1 transmission risk. We hypothesized that schistosome infection would be associated with higher HIV-1 viral loads in plasma and genital samples.<h4>Methods/principal findings</h4>We utilized data from individuals who HIV-1 seroconverted while enrolled in one of four prospective cohort studies. Plasma and genital viral loads collected 4-24 months after the estimated date of HIV-1 acquisition, but prior to antiretroviral therapy initiation, were included. Detection of circulating anodic antigen in archived blood samples, collected prior to HIV-1 seroconversion, identified participants with active schistosomiasis; immunoblots determined the schistosome species causing infection. Our analysis included 370 HIV-1 seroconverters with plasma viral load results, of whom 82 (22%) had schistosomiasis. We did not find a statistically significant association between schistosomiasis and higher HIV-1 set point plasma viral loads (-0.17 log10 copies/ml, 95% CI -0.38 to 0.03); S. mansoni infection was associated with a lower set point (-0.34 log10 copies/ml, 95% CI -0.58 to -0.09). We found no association between schistosomiasis and cervical (+0.07 log10 copies/swab, 95% CI -0.20 to 0.34) or vaginal (+0.11 log10 copies/swab, 95% CI -0.17 to 0.39) set point viral loads; S. haematobium infection was associated with lower cervical viral loads (-0.59 log10 copies/swab, 95% CI -1.11 to -0.06).<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>These results do not support the hypotheses that schistosome coinfection increases plasma or genital HIV-1 viral loads.

Item Description

1935-2727
1935-2735
10.1371/journal.pntd.0007886