Estado de la vacunación en prematuros menores de 1500Â g nacidos entre 2004 y 2007 en una institución de tercer nivel de atención - G. Arreola RamÃrez; L.V. Cerda Ojinaga; P. GarcÃa-Alonso Themann; L.A. Fernández Carrocera (Permanyer, 2017)
Resumen: Antecedentes: La recomendaciÃ³n vigente de vacunaciÃ³n en prematuros es iniciar a la edad cronolÃ³gica independientemente del peso y edad gestacional al nacer. Objetivo: Describir el estado de vacunaciÃ³n de los infantes prematuros menores de 1500Â g pertenecientes al programa de seguimiento pediÃ¡trico del INPer. Material y mÃ©todos: Estudio de cohorte descriptico retrospectivo y transversal. Se incluyeron infantes que acudieron a consulta de junio del 2008 a junio del 2009 con fecha de nacimiento del 2004-2008, se obtuvo de la cartilla nacional de vacunaciÃ³n la fecha de la administraciÃ³n de la vacuna y se interrogÃ³ la causa del retraso de la administraciÃ³n del mismo de acuerdo al esquema vigente. Resultados: Se incluyeron 158 infantes. El 78.5% recibieron todas sus vacunas en el sector pÃºblico. Transcurrieron 54.5 Â± 30.2 dÃas entre egreso y la primera aplicaciÃ³n de algÃºn inmunÃ³geno. La cobertura de vacunaciÃ³n contra influenza con dos dosis en el primer aÃ±o de vida fue: 18.9%, contra rotavirus dos dosis: 59.5%, pentavalente acelular tres dosis: 73.5%, neumococo tres dosis: 28.2%, BCG: 98.1%, SRP: 100% y hepatitis B tres dosis: 77.8%. Todos los inmunÃ³genos de administraron en forma atrasada. Las tres causas mÃ¡s frecuentes de rechazo en la vacunaciÃ³n fueron: peso bajo y/o prematurez, desabasto del biolÃ³gico y antecedente de transfusiÃ³n. Conclusiones: Los infantes prematuros mostraron retraso en la administraciÃ³n de todos los inmunÃ³genos en relaciÃ³n con la recomendaciÃ³n del esquema nacional de vacunaciÃ³n, se debe de revisar las indicaciones vigentes para la administraciÃ³n de inmunÃ³genos en esta poblaciÃ³n. Abstract: Background: The current recommendation for vaccination in preterm infants is to start it at the chronological age, regardless of their birthweight or gestational age. Objective: To describe the vaccination status of premature infants born under 1500Â g, that were part of the INPer paediatric follow-up program. Material and methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive cohort study, conducted on infants who attended their clinics from June 2008 to June 2009, and born between 2004 and 2008. The vaccination dates were obtained from their national immunisation record book and, where applicable, the cause of the administration delay was questioned. Results: The study included 158 infants, of whom 78.5% received all their vaccines in the public sector. A total of 54.5 Â± 30.2 days elapsed between discharge and the first application of some immunogen. The vaccination coverage against influenza, with two doses in the first year of life, was: 18.9%, against rotavirus with two doses: 59.5%, acellular pentavalent, three doses: 73.5%, pneumococcus, three doses: 28.2%, BCG: 98.1%, MMR: 100%, and hepatitis B three doses: 77.8%. All immunogens were administered late. The three most frequent causes of immunisation rejection were: low weight and /or prematurity, lack of vaccines, and a history of transfusions. Conclusions: In premature infants there was a delay in the administration of all the immunogens as regards to the national vaccination recommendation. It is necessary to review the current indications for the administration of immunogens in this population. Palabras clave: Prematurez, VacunaciÃ³n, Muy bajo peso al nacer, Keywords: Prematurity, Vaccination, Very low birth weigh