Commercial Day-Old Chicks in Nigeria Are Potential Reservoirs of Colistin- and Tigecycline-Resistant Potentially Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>

• Main Authors: Madubuike Umunna Anyanwu (Author), Nkechi Harriet Ikenna-Ezeh (Author), Simeon Chibuko Okafor (Author), Chinaza Francisca Ezemuoka (Author), Obichukwu Chisom Nwobi (Author), Temitope Mofoluso Ogunniran (Author), Lynda Onyinyechi Obodoechi (Author), Onyinye Josephine Okorie-Kanu (Author), Anthony Christian Mgbeahuruike (Author), Ifeyinwa Riona Okosi (Author), Ishmael Festus Jaja (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2024-11-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Summary

<b>Background:</b> Frequent use of colistin (COL) and tetracyclines in the Nigerian poultry sector potentially triggers bacterial resistance against COL and tigecycline (TIG), which are last-line antibiotics used to treat multidrug-resistant infections. <b>Aim/Objectives:</b> This study aimed to isolate COL- and TIG-resistant <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> from commercial day-old chicks distributed to poultry farmers in Nsukka Southeastern Nigeria, assess the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase by the isolates, and establish their pathogenic potentials. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Non-duplicate cloacal swabs were systematically collected from 250 randomly selected day-old chicks. MacConkey agar with 1 µg/mL of COL and 16 µg/mL of tetracycline was used for the isolation of putative COL- and tetracycline-resistant <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i>, respectively. <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> isolates were confirmed biochemically using the API20E Gram-negative identification kit and molecularly by polymerase chain reaction targeting the <i>uidA</i> gene. Phenotypic COL resistance was established using COL agar and COL disc elution tests, while TIG insusceptibility was determined with disc diffusion. ESBL and carbapenemase production was assessed by double-disc synergy and modified carbapenem inactivation methods, respectively. Pathogenic potentials were determined using phenotypic methods. <b>Results:</b> COL- and TIG-resistant <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> was recovered from 95 (38.0%) and 62 (24.8%) swabs from the 250 chicks, respectively. None of the isolates were potential ESBL or carbapenemase producers. The COL-resistant isolates displayed pathogenic potentials such as biofilm formation, haemagglutination, cell surface hydrophobicity, surface layer, and gelatinase activities at rates of 30.7%, 8.4%, 33.7%, 23.5%, and 17.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, the TIG-resistant isolates exhibited their respective potentials at rates of 47.0%, 21.0%, 35.5%, 58.1%, and 43.6%. Red, dry, and rough (RDAR) was the predominant curli fimbriae, and the cellulose morphotype portrayed by both the COL- and TIG-unsusceptible potential biofilm-producing isolates. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study demonstrates that a significant percentage of commercial day-old chicks distributed to farmers in Nsukka, southeastern Nigeria, are colonized by potentially pathogenic COL- and TIG-resistant <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i>, which could spread to humans and the environment.

Item Description

10.3390/antibiotics13111067
2079-6382