The joint impact of habitual exercise and glycemic control on the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and older males

• Main Authors: Ryoma Michishita (Author), Takuro Matsuda (Author), Shotaro Kawakami (Author), Satoshi Tanaka (Author), Akira Kiyonaga (Author), Hiroaki Tanaka (Author), Natsumi Morito (Author), Yasuki Higaki (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Komiyama Printing Co. Ltd, 2017-11-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 10.1186/s12199-017-0683-y; 1342-078X; 1347-4715
• Keywords: Incidence of CKD; Habitual exercise; Glycemic control; Health checkup; Public aspects of medicine; RA1-1270
• Source: Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2017)

Abstract Background This retrospective study evaluated the influence of the joint impact of habitual exercise and glycemic control on the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) during a 6-year follow-up period in middle-aged and older males. Methods The study population included 303 males without a history of cardiovascular disease, stroke, renal dysfunction, or dialysis treatment. Their lifestyle behaviors regarding exercise and physical activity were evaluated using a standardized self-administered questionnaire. The participants were divided into four categories according to the performance or non-performance of habitual exercise and the presence or absence of hyperglycemia. Results After 6 years, 32 subjects (10.6%) developed CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and/or proteinuria). The cumulative incidence of CKD was significantly higher among subjects who did not perform habitual exercise and hyperglycemic subjects (log-rank test: p < 0.05, respectively). According to a Cox proportional hazards model, the hazard ratio (HR) for the incidence of CKD in subjects with a normal glucose tolerance (NGT) who did not perform habitual exercise (HR = 2.82, 95% confidence of interval (CI) = 1.07-7.36, p = 0.034) and that in hyperglycemic subjects who did not perform habitual exercise (HR = 5.89, 95% CI = 1.87-16.63, p = 0.003) were significantly higher in comparison to the subjects with a NGT who performed habitual exercise. Conclusions These results suggest that the habitual exercise and good glycemic control and their combination were associated with the incidence of CKD.