Comparison of Fitness Cost, Stability, and Conjugation Frequencies of <i>tet</i>(X4)-Positive Plasmids in Chicken and Pig <i>Escherichia coli</i>
The large-scale epidemic of the <i>tet</i>(X4) gene in the livestock and poultry industry is threatening public health; however, there is still a lack of comparative studies on <i>tet</i>(X4)-bearing plasmids in chicken and pig <i>Escherichia coli</i>. To evaluate...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Book |
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MDPI AG,
2022-11-01T00:00:00Z.
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| Summary: | The large-scale epidemic of the <i>tet</i>(X4) gene in the livestock and poultry industry is threatening public health; however, there is still a lack of comparative studies on <i>tet</i>(X4)-bearing plasmids in chicken and pig <i>Escherichia coli</i>. To evaluate the prevalence trend of <i>tet</i>(X4)-bearing plasmids and the factors influencing their persistence in the livestock and poultry industry, we examined the fitness cost, stability under tetracyclines pressure, and conjugation frequencies at various temperatures of six <i>tet</i>(X4)-bearing plasmids in four representative pig <i>E. coli</i> isolates and chicken <i>E. coli</i> isolates. Compared with pig <i>E. coli</i>, the plasmid in chicken <i>E. coli</i> showed lower fitness cost, and stronger ability to promote bacterial biofilm formation and motility. Meanwhile, the presence of tetracycline may favor the stability of <i>tet</i>(X4)-bearing plasmids, which was more common in chicken <i>E. coli</i>. Furthermore, the optimal temperature for IncX1 <i>tet</i>(X4)-bearing plasmid conjugation was 42 °C, and its conjugation frequency in chicken <i>E. coli</i> was higher than that in pig <i>E. coli</i>, whereas the optimal temperature for IncFII <i>tet</i>(X4)-bearing plasmid conjugation was 37 °C and it performed better in pig <i>E. coli</i>, suggesting the predominant plasmid types circulating in chicken <i>E. coli</i> and pig <i>E. coli</i> may be distinct. Collectively, although <i>tet</i>(X4) currently appears to be more prevalent in pig <i>E. coli</i>, this is probably independent of the fitness cost caused by <i>tet</i>(X4)-plasmids. To curb the future spread of the <i>tet</i>(X4) gene, reduced tetracyclines usage and tailored interventions should be applied in different breeding industries. |
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| Item Description: | 10.3390/antibiotics11111657 2079-6382 |