Associations Between Eczema and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Children

• मुख्य लेखकों: Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo (लेखक), Delicia Shu Qin Ooi (लेखक), Minyee Ong (लेखक), Le Duc Huy Ta (लेखक), Hui Xing Lau (लेखक), Michelle Jia Yu Tay (लेखक), Qai Ven Yap (लेखक), Yiong Huak Chan (लेखक), Elizabeth Huiwen Tham (लेखक), Anne Eng Neo Goh (लेखक), Hugo Van Bever (लेखक), Oon Hoe Teoh (लेखक), Johan Gunnar Eriksson (लेखक), Yap Seng Chong (लेखक), Peter Gluckman (लेखक), Fabian Kok Peng Yap (लेखक), Neerja Karnani (लेखक), Jia Xu (लेखक), Karen Mei Ling Tan (लेखक), Kok Hian Tan (लेखक), Bee Wah Lee (लेखक), Michael Kramer (लेखक), Lynette Pei-chi Shek (लेखक), Michael J. Meaney (लेखक), Birit F. P. Broekman (लेखक)
• स्वरूप: पुस्तक
• प्रकाशित: Frontiers Media S.A., 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z.
• विषय: article
• ऑनलाइन पहुंच: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 2296-2360; 10.3389/fped.2022.837741
• Keywords: atopy; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; cytokines; eczema; gut microbiome dysbiosis; Pediatrics; RJ1-570
• Source: Frontiers in Pediatrics, Vol 10 (2022)

BackgroundEpidemiological studies suggest a link between eczema and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but underlying mechanisms have not been examined.ObjectiveWe aim to investigate the association between eczema and subsequent ADHD symptoms in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes cohort and explore the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and gut microbiome.MethodsThe modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire and Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV were administered to assess reported eczema within the first 18 months and presence of ADHD symptoms at 54 months, respectively. Skin prick testing at 18 months, cytokines in maternal blood during pregnancy and cord blood and the mediating role of the gut microbiome at 24 months were assessed.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounders, eczema with or without a positive skin prick test was associated with doubling the risk of ADHD symptoms. No differences in maternal and cord blood cytokines were observed in children with and without eczema, or children with and without ADHD. Gut microbiome dysbiosis was observed in children with eczema and children with ADHD. Children with eczema also had lower gut bacterial Shannon diversity. However, the relationship between eczema and ADHD was not mediated by gut microbiome.ConclusionEarly life eczema diagnosis is associated with a higher risk of subsequent ADHD symptoms in children. We found no evidence for underlying inflammatory mechanism or mediation by gut microbiome dysbiosis. Further research should evaluate other mechanisms underlying the link between eczema and ADHD.Clinical Trial Registration[https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01174875], identifier [NCT01174875].