Effects of alpha-linolenic acid and essential amino acids on the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts

• Main Authors: Dongjie Zhou (Author), Xiao-Han Li (Author), Song‑Hee Lee (Author), Geun Heo (Author), Xiang-Shun Cui (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 10.12750/JARB.37.1.17; 2671-4639; 2671-4663
• Keywords: alpha-linolenic acid; c2c12 myoblasts; essential amino acids; proliferation; differentiation; Biotechnology; TP248.13-248.65; Medicine (General); R5-920; Internal medicine; RC31-1245
• Source: Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Vol 37, Iss 1, Pp 17-26 (2022)

Alpha-linolenic acid is an important polyunsaturated fatty acid that exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of alpha-linolenic acid on the cell proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells under essential amino acid-deficient conditions. Different concentrations of alpha-linolenic acid and essential amino acids were added to the growth and differentiation media. The concentrations of 10 μM of alphalinolenic acid and 2% essential amino acid were chosen for subsequent experiments. Supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid and essential amino acids improved the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells and significantly increased the mRNA levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, B-cell lymphoma-2, and beclin-1 as well as the protein levels of PPARγ coactivator-1α compared to those in the controls. Moreover, supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid and essential amino acids reduced the levels of phosphorylated H2A.X variant histone, Bcl-2-associated X, p53, and light chain 3 during C2C12 cell proliferation, and increased the expression levels of myogenic factors 4 (myogenin) and 5 during C2C12 cell differentiation. Overall, we determined that alpha-linolenic acid and essential amino acids maintained the cell proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells via their anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-autophagic effects.