The role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide salvage enzymes in cardioprotection

• Main Authors: Fazle Kibria (Author), Sudip Kumar Das (Author), Md Sahidul Arefin (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Termedia Publishing House, 2024-07-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 1731-5530; 1897-4252; 10.5114/kitp.2024.141145
• Keywords: nicotinamide; nicotinate; cardioprotection; cardiovascular disease; nicotinate phosphoribosyl transferase.; Surgery; RD1-811; Internal medicine; RC31-1245
• Source: Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Vol 21, Iss 2, Pp 86-95 (2024)

The increasing trend of cardiac diseases is becoming a major threat globally. Cardiac activities are based on integrated action potential through electronic flux changes within intra- and extracellular molecular activities. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a major electron carrier present in almost all living cells and creates gated potential by electron exchange from one chemical to another in terms of oxidation (NAD+) and reduction (NADH) reactions. NAD+ plays an important role directly or indirectly in protecting against various cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, occlusion, ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction (MI), rhythmic disorder, and a higher order of cardiovascular complexity. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) is well known as a rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway except for de-novo NAD synthesis and directly involved in the cardioprotective activity. There are two more enzymes - nicotinate phosphoribosyl transferase (NAPRT) and nicotinamide riboside kinase (NRK) - which also work as rate-limiting factors in the NAD+ synthesis pathway. This study concentrated on the role of NAMPT, NAPRT, and NRK in cardioprotective activity and prospective cardiac health.