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Genomic Characterization of Carbapenemase-Producing <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i>, <i>Serratia marcescens</i>, <i>Citrobacter freundii</i>, <i>Providencia stuartii</i>, and <i>Morganella morganii</i> Clinical Isolates from Bulgaria

Carbapenemase-producing <i>Enterobacter</i> spp. <i>Serratia marcescens</i>, <i>Citrobacter freundii</i>, <i>Providencia</i> spp., and <i>Morganella morganii</i> (CP-ESCPM) are increasingly identified as causative agents of nosocomial infec...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Stefana Sabtcheva (Author), Ivan Stoikov (Author), Ivan N. Ivanov (Author), Deyan Donchev (Author), Magdalena Lesseva (Author), Sylvia Georgieva (Author), Deana Teneva (Author), Elina Dobreva (Author), Iva Christova (Author)
Format:	Book
Published:	MDPI AG, 2024-05-01T00:00:00Z.
Subjects:	article
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Summary:	Carbapenemase-producing <i>Enterobacter</i> spp. <i>Serratia marcescens</i>, <i>Citrobacter freundii</i>, <i>Providencia</i> spp., and <i>Morganella morganii</i> (CP-ESCPM) are increasingly identified as causative agents of nosocomial infections but are still not under systematic genomic surveillance. In this study, using a combination of whole-genome sequencing and conjugation experiments, we sought to elucidate the genomic characteristics and transferability of resistance genes in clinical CP-ESCPM isolates from Bulgaria. Among the 36 sequenced isolates, NDM-1 (12/36), VIM-4 (11/36), VIM-86 (8/36), and OXA-48 (7/36) carbapenemases were identified; two isolates carried both NDM-1 and VIM-86. The majority of carbapenemase genes were found on self-conjugative plasmids. IncL plasmids were responsible for the spread of OXA-48 among <i>E. hormaechei</i>, <i>C. freundii</i>, and <i>S. marcescens</i>. IncM2 plasmids were generally associated with the spread of NDM-1 in <i>C. freundii</i> and <i>S. marcescens</i>, and also of VIM-4 in <i>C. freundii</i>. IncC plasmids were involved in the spread of the recently described VIM-86 in <i>P. stuartii</i> isolates. IncC plasmids carrying <i>bla</i><sub>NDM-1</sub> and <i>bla</i><sub>VIM-86</sub> were observed too. <i>bla</i><sub>NDM-1</sub> was also detected on IncX3 in <i>S. marcescens</i> and on IncT plasmid in <i>M. morganii</i>. The significant resistance transfer rates we observed highlight the role of the ESCPM group as a reservoir of resistance determinants and stress the need for strengthening infection control measures.
Item Description:	10.3390/antibiotics13050455 2079-6382