Enfermedades orales inducidas por el VIH y Bioseguridad
<p><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong>Introducción:</strong> la cavidad oral es susceptible de ser asiento de enfermedades relacionadas con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y, de muchas otras lesiones...
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Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana,
2014-11-01T00:00:00Z.
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Summary: | <p><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong>Introducción:</strong> la cavidad oral es susceptible de ser asiento de enfermedades relacionadas con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y, de muchas otras lesiones que están asociadas al síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA). <strong><br /> Objetivo:</strong> describir las manifestaciones orales relacionadas con el VIH y exponer el valor de la bioseguridad como herramienta eficaz para prevenir la transmisión del VIH. <strong><br /> Material y Métodos:</strong> se realizó una investigación descriptiva donde se consultaron 23 bibliografías, la mayoría procedente de artículos y estudios realizados, sobre las temáticas a estudiar. <strong><br /> Resultados:</strong> la candidiasis oral, las úlceras, las ulceraciones atípicas, la enfermedad de las glándulas salivales y las periodontopatías son las manifestaciones bucales que más frecuentes están asociadas a los pacientes con VIH, según la bibliografía revisada. Se prosiguió a dar elementos básicos de las medidas de protección universales a partir de la importancia de la bioseguridad teniendo como base el riesgo de infección biológica al ofrecer asistencia médica a pacientes con esta enfermedad. <strong><br /> Conclusiones:</strong> Las principales manifestaciones bucales descritas en la literatura revisada guardan relación con el grado de infección del paciente con el VIH; encontramos candidiasis, úlceras, ulceraciones atípicas y la enfermedad por glándulas salivales, periodontopatias, infecciones bacterianas entre otras. El correcto empleo de las medidas de protección biológicas constituye una práctica eficaz en la prevención de la transmisión de estas enfermedades. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong>Palabras clave:</strong> VIH, SIDA, manifestaciones orales, bioseguridad.</span></p><hr /><p><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong>Introduction:</strong> the oral cavity is susceptible of illnesses related with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and, of many other lesions associating to the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).<strong><br /> Objective:</strong> to describe the oral manifestations related with the HIV/AIDS, and to highlight the value of biosecurity as effective tool to prevent the transmission of the illness. <strong><br /> Material and Methods:</strong> a descriptive research was done where 23 bibliographies were reviewed; most of them were from articles and studies about the topic of this study. <strong><br /> Results:</strong> it was verified that oral candidiasis presents higher incidence and there are generally other pathologies, these could be from neoplasias to herpes manifestations. Basic elements of universal protection measures were given, starting from the importance of the biosecurity being the base the biological infection risk when medical attendance is offered to patients with this immune suppression. <strong><br /> Conclusions:</strong> the main oral manifestations described in the reviewed literature keep relationship with the grade of infection of the patient with the HIV/AIDS. Candidiasis, ulcers, atypical ulcerations, salivary gland illness, periodontologydisease and bacterial infections were some of the manifestations found. The correct use of biological protection measures constitutes an effective practice in the prevention of transmission of these illnesses. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong>Key words: </strong> HIV, AIDS, oral manifestations, biosecurity.</span></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>ES</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> 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