Race/ethnicity, sleep duration, and mortality risk in the United States

• Main Authors: Justin T. Denney (Author), Anna Zamora-Kapoor (Author), Devon A. Hansen (Author), Paul Whitney (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Elsevier, 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 2352-8273; 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101350
• Keywords: Sleep duration; Mortality; Race; Ethnicity; Health disparities; Public aspects of medicine; RA1-1270; Social sciences (General); H1-99
• Source: SSM: Population Health, Vol 21, Iss , Pp 101350- (2023)

Current evidence and professional guidance recommend sleeping between 7 and 9 h in a 24-h period for optimal health. The present study examines the association between sleep duration and mortality and assesses whether this association varies by racial/ethnic identity for a large and diverse sample of United States adults. We use data on 274,836 adults, aged 25 and older, from the 2004-2014 waves of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) linked to prospective mortality through 2015 (23,382 deaths). Cox proportional hazards models were used in multi-variable regressions to estimate hazard ratios for mortality by sleep duration and racial/ethnic identity, controlling for sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and psychological distress variables. We find elevated risks of mortality from any cause for adults who sleep less than 5 h or more than 9 h in a 24-h period after all adjustments. Further, we find evidence that these elevated risks for mortality are more pronounced for some racial/ethnic groups and less pronounced for others. Improved understanding of differences in sleep duration and sleep health can facilitate more effective and culturally-tailored interventions around sleep health, improving overall well-being and enhancing longevity.