Use of urine drug screening in the emergency department of a paediatric hospital

Objective: To describe the situations in which urine drug screening is used in a Paediatric Emergency Department (ED). An analysis is also made on its potential usefulness on whether it changes the patient management, and if the results are confirmed by using specific techniques. Methodology: A retr...

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Main Authors: Núria Ferrer Bosch (Author), Lidia Martínez Sánchez (Author), Victoria Trenchs Sainz de la Maza (Author), Jesús Velasco Rodríguez (Author), Elsa García González (Author), Carles Luaces Cubells (Author)
Format: Book
Published: Elsevier, 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z.
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042 |a dc 
100 1 0 |a Núria Ferrer Bosch  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Lidia Martínez Sánchez  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Victoria Trenchs Sainz de la Maza  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Jesús Velasco Rodríguez  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Elsa García González  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Carles Luaces Cubells  |e author 
245 0 0 |a Use of urine drug screening in the emergency department of a paediatric hospital 
260 |b Elsevier,   |c 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z. 
500 |a 2341-2879 
500 |a 10.1016/j.anpede.2017.01.009 
520 |a Objective: To describe the situations in which urine drug screening is used in a Paediatric Emergency Department (ED). An analysis is also made on its potential usefulness on whether it changes the patient management, and if the results are confirmed by using specific techniques. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted on patients under the age of 18 attended in the ED during 2014 and in whom urine drug screening was requested. Depending on the potential capacity of the screening result to change patient management, two groups were defined (potentially useful and not potentially useful). Results: Urine drug screening was performed on a total of 161 patients. The screening was considered not to be potentially useful in 87 (54.0%). This was because the clinical history already explained the symptoms the patient had in 55 (34.1%) patients, in 29 (18.0%) because the patient was asymptomatic, and in 3 (1.9%) because the suspected drug was not detectable in the screening. The drug screening results changed the patient management in 5 (3.1%) cases. A toxic substance was detected in 44 (27.3%). Two out of the 44 that were positive (2.1%) were re-tested by specific techniques, and presence of the toxic substance was ruled out in both of them (false positives). Conclusions: Most of the drug screening tests are not justified, and it is very infrequent that they change patient management. It is very rare that the results are confirmed using more specific methods. Urine drug screening tests should be restricted to particular cases and if the result has legal implications, or if the patient denies using the drug, it should be followed by a specific toxicological study to provide a conclusive result. Resumen: Objetivo: Describir las situaciones en las que se solicita cribado toxicológico en orina desde un servicio de urgencias pediátricas. Determinar si la prueba es potencialmente útil, si conlleva un cambio en el manejo del paciente y si los resultados se comprueban mediante técnicas específicas. Metodología: Estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes menores de 18 años atendidos en urgencias durante el año 2014 a los que se solicitó cribado de tóxicos en orina. Se definieron 2 grupos en función de la potencial capacidad de modificar el manejo del paciente (potencial utilidad y ausencia de utilidad). Resultados: Se recogieron 161 pacientes. En 87 casos (54,0%) el cribado de tóxicos se consideró sin potencial utilidad. En 55 pacientes (34,1%) la falta de utilidad fue debida a que la anamnesis ya explicaba la sintomatología presente, en 29 (18,0%) a que el paciente se encontraba asintomático y en 3 (1,9%) a la sospecha de intoxicación por una sustancia no detectable mediante esta técnica. El resultado ocasionó un cambio de manejo en 5 casos (3,1%). Se detectó algún tóxico en 44 pacientes (27,3%). Se solicitó confirmación con técnicas específicas en 2 (1,2%). Ambos fueron falsos positivos. Conclusiones: La mayor parte de los cribados de tóxicos solicitados no están justificados y es infrecuente que condicionen un cambio en el manejo del paciente. La confirmación mediante técnicas específicas es inusual. Su uso debe restringirse a casos concretos y, siempre que pueda tener repercusiones legales o el paciente niegue el consumo, debe seguirse de un estudio toxicológico específico que aporte un resultado concluyente. 
546 |a ES 
690 |a Cribado toxicológico 
690 |a Urgencias 
690 |a Drogas de abuso 
690 |a Pediatría 
690 |a Pediatrics 
690 |a RJ1-570 
655 7 |a article  |2 local 
786 0 |n Anales de Pediatría (English Edition), Vol 88, Iss 1, Pp 19-23 (2018) 
787 0 |n http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2341287917302053 
787 0 |n https://doaj.org/toc/2341-2879 
856 4 1 |u https://doaj.org/article/b4e9b1757a2e41e1915e77dfcc759fc6  |z Connect to this object online.