Expression of VEGF and CD-31 in traumatic ulcer of diabetic Wistar rats after application of Citrus limon peel essential oil

• Main Authors: Nurina Febriyanti Ayuningtyas (Author), Hening Tuti Hendarti (Author), Bagus Soebadi (Author), Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo (Author), Priyo Hadi (Author), Raziv Ganesha (Author), Diah Savitri Ernawati (Author), Riyan Iman Marsetyo (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Elsevier, 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 2212-4268; 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.03.009
• Keywords: VEGF; CD-31; Diabetic ulceration; Citrus limon; Human health; Agricultural innovation; Dentistry; RK1-715
• Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Vol 13, Iss 3, Pp 380-385 (2023)

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that delays the healing process, including the interruption of the processes of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. The etiology of most angiogenic-related diseases, such as diabetes complications, includes the presence of hypoxia caused by declined vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) and CD-31. d-limonene, one of the main constituents of Citrus limon, is considered to have angiogenic, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the exact mechanism of this process remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the potential of C. limon as a medication for diabetic ulceration. Methods: A total of 30 Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) induced with DM and traumatic ulcers on the lower lip mucosa were divided into six groups-three each for control and treatment groups. Control groups were treated with CMC 5% gel, and treatment groups were administered with C. limon peel essential oil gel. The expression of VEGF and CD-31 was observed on days 5, 7, and 9. Immunohistochemical examinations were performed with the monoclonal antibodies anti-VEGF and anti-CD-31. ANOVA was conducted to analyze the differences between the groups (p < 0.05). Result: An increase in VEGF and CD-31 expression in the treatment group was observed compared with that of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Citrus limon peel essential oil gel increased VEGF and CD-31 expression during the healing process of traumatic ulcers in diabetes-afflicted Wistar rats.