Rates of spectacle wear in early childhood in the Netherlands

Abstract Background Refractive errors are relatively common all around the world. In particular, early onset myopia is associated with a significant burden in later life. Little is known about refractive errors in preschool children. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of spectacle we...

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Main Authors: Vasanthi Iyer (Author), Clair A. Enthoven (Author), Paula van Dommelen (Author), Ashwin van Samkar (Author), Johanna H. Groenewoud (Author), Vincent V. W. Jaddoe (Author), Sijmen A. Reijneveld (Author), Caroline C. W. Klaver (Author)
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Published: BMC, 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z.
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LEADER 00000 am a22000003u 4500
001 doaj_bcdc91a7b97648efaee6bbde1ca524e8
042 |a dc 
100 1 0 |a Vasanthi Iyer  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Clair A. Enthoven  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Paula van Dommelen  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Ashwin van Samkar  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Johanna H. Groenewoud  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Vincent V. W. Jaddoe  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Sijmen A. Reijneveld  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Caroline C. W. Klaver  |e author 
245 0 0 |a Rates of spectacle wear in early childhood in the Netherlands 
260 |b BMC,   |c 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z. 
500 |a 10.1186/s12887-022-03467-z 
500 |a 1471-2431 
520 |a Abstract Background Refractive errors are relatively common all around the world. In particular, early onset myopia is associated with a significant burden in later life. Little is known about refractive errors in preschool children. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of spectacle wear, visual acuity and refractive errors in young Dutch children. Methods We analyzed data of three prospective population-based studies: 99,660 3- to 5-year-olds undergoing vision screening at preventive child healthcare organizations, 6934 6-year-olds from the Generation R study, and 2974 7-year-olds from the RAMSES study. Visual acuity was measured with Landolt-C or LEA charts, spectacle wear was assessed, and refractive errors at age 6 and 7 were measured with cycloplegic refraction. Results The prevalence of spectacle wear ranged from 1.5 to 11.8% between 3 to 7 years with no significant gender differences. Among children with spectacle wear at 6 years (N = 583) and 7 years (N = 350) 29.8 and 34.6% had myopia respectively, of which 21.1 and 21.6% combined with astigmatism; 19.6 and 6.8% had hyperopia, 37.2 and 11.1% hyperopia and astigmatism, and 12.5 and 32.7% astigmatism only. Conclusions Spectacle wear in European children starts early in preschool and increases to a relatively frequent visual aid at school age. Advocating early detection and monitoring of refraction errors is warranted in order to prevent visual morbidities later in life. 
546 |a EN 
690 |a Refractive error 
690 |a Spectacle wear 
690 |a Myopia 
690 |a Well-child care 
690 |a Policy 
690 |a Pediatrics 
690 |a RJ1-570 
655 7 |a article  |2 local 
786 0 |n BMC Pediatrics, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2022) 
787 0 |n https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03467-z 
787 0 |n https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2431 
856 4 1 |u https://doaj.org/article/bcdc91a7b97648efaee6bbde1ca524e8  |z Connect to this object online.