Physiology and pathophysiology of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 in the kidney

• Main Authors: Rikke Nørregaard (Author), Tae-Hwan Kwon (Author), Jørgen Frøkiær (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: The Korean Society of Nephrology, 2015-12-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 2211-9132; 10.1016/j.krcp.2015.10.004
• Keywords: Acute kidney injury; Cyclooxygenase; Obstructive nephropathy; Prostaglandin E2; Water balance; Internal medicine; RC31-1245; Specialties of internal medicine; RC581-951
• Source: Kidney Research and Clinical Practice, Vol 34, Iss 4, Pp 194-200 (2015)

The cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme system is the major pathway catalyzing the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins (PGs). PGs are lipid mediators implicated in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes in the kidney, including renal hemodynamics, body water and sodium balance, and the inflammatory injury characteristic in multiple renal diseases. Since the beginning of 1990s, it has been confirmed that COX exists in 2 isoforms, referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Even though the 2 enzymes are similar in size and structure, COX-1 and COX-2 are regulated by different systems and have different functional roles. This review summarizes the current data on renal expression of the 2 COX isoforms and highlights mainly the role of COX-2 and PGE2 in several physiological and pathophysiological processes in the kidney.