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Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Macrolide, Lincosamide and Streptogramin B Resistance among Clinical Methicillin-Resistant <i>S</i><i>taphylococcus aureus</i> Isolates in Chile

Macrolides, lincosamides, and type B streptogramins (MLS<sub>B</sub>) are important therapeutic options to treat methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) infections; however, resistance to these antibiotics has been emerging. In Chile, data on the MLS<sub&...

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Main Authors: Mario Quezada-Aguiluz (Author), Alejandro Aguayo-Reyes (Author), Cinthia Carrasco (Author), Daniela Mejías (Author), Pamela Saavedra (Author), Sergio Mella-Montecinos (Author), Andrés Opazo-Capurro (Author), Helia Bello-Toledo (Author), José M. Munita (Author), Juan C. Hormazábal (Author), Gerardo González-Rocha (Author)
Format: Book
Published: MDPI AG, 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z.
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Summary:Macrolides, lincosamides, and type B streptogramins (MLS<sub>B</sub>) are important therapeutic options to treat methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) infections; however, resistance to these antibiotics has been emerging. In Chile, data on the MLS<sub>B</sub> resistance phenotypes are scarce in both community-(CA) and hospital-acquired (HA) MRSA isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility to MLS<sub>B</sub> was determined for sixty-eight non-repetitive isolates of each HA-(32) and CA-MRSA (36). Detection of SCC<i>mec</i> elements, <i>ermA</i>, <i>ermB</i>, <i>ermC</i>, and <i>msrA</i> genes was performed by PCR. The predominant clones were SCC<i>mec</i> I-ST5 (HA-MRSA) and type IVc-ST8 (CA-MRSA). Most of the HA-MRSA isolates (97%) showed resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin. Among CA-MRSA isolates, 28% were resistant to erythromycin, azithromycin, and 25% to clarithromycin. All isolates were susceptible to linezolid, vancomycin, daptomycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and over 97% to rifampicin. The <i>ermA</i> gene was amplified in 88% of HA-MRSA and 17% of CA-MRSA isolates (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The <i>ermC</i> gene was detected in 6% of HA-SARM and none of CA-SARM isolates, whereas the <i>msrA</i> gene was only amplified in 22% of CA-MRSA (<i>p</i> < 0.005). Our results demonstrate the prevalence of the cMLSB resistance phenotype in all HA-MRSA isolates in Chile, with the <i>ermA</i> being the predominant gene identified among these isolates.
Item Description:10.3390/antibiotics11081000
2079-6382

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