Flowers and Leaves Extracts of <i>Stachys palustris</i> L. Exhibit Stronger Anti-Proliferative, Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic, and Anti-Obesity Potencies than Stems and Roots Due to More Phenolic Compounds as Revealed by UPLC-PDA-ESI-TQD-MS/MS

• Main Authors: Sabina Lachowicz-Wiśniewska (Author), Anubhav Pratap-Singh (Author), Ireneusz Kapusta (Author), Angelika Kruszyńska (Author), Andrzej Rapak (Author), Ireneusz Ochmian (Author), Tomasz Cebulak (Author), Wioletta Żukiewicz-Sobczak (Author), Paweł Rubiński (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Summary

The present work aims to assess the biological potential of polyphenolic compounds in different parts (flowers, leaves, stems, and roots) of <i>Stachys palustris</i> L. Towards secondary metabolites profile, 89 polyphenolic compounds (PCs) were identified by UPLC-PDA-ESI-TQD-MS/MS, with a total average content of 6089 mg/100 g of dry matter (d.m.). In terms of biological activity, antioxidant activity (radical activity, reducing power), digestive enzyme inhibitory (α-glucosidase, α-amylase, pancreatic lipase) effect, and antiproliferative activity (inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis in different human cancer cell lines) were explored. Leaves, flowers, stems, and roots of <i>S. palustris</i> L. have not been studied in this regard until now. Vescalagin and cocciferin d2, isoverbascoside (verbascoside), luteolin 6-<i>C</i>-glucoside, luteolin 6-<i>C</i>-galactoside, apigenin 6-<i>C</i>-glucoside, (−)-epicatechin, ellagic acid, and malvidin 3-<i>O</i>-diglucoside were detected as main ingredients in the studied parts. Methanolic extract of <i>S. palustris</i> L. leaves and flowers revealed the highest amount of PCs with the strongest antiradical (18.5 and 15.6 mmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/g d.m., respectively) and reducing power effects (7.3 and 5.6 mmol TE/g d.m.). Leaf extracts exhibited better α-amylase and pancreatic lipase inhibition effects, while flower extracts exhibited better α-glucosidase inhibition effect. Regarding antiproliferative activity, extracts of the leaves and flowers significantly reduced cell viability and induced a high level of apoptosis in human lung, pancreatic, bladder, and colon cancer cell lines, as well as in human acute myeloid leukemia; whereas the extracts from stems and roots revealed the weaker effects. The results of this work showed anti-proliferative and potentially anti-diabetic, anti-obesity properties of <i>S. palustris</i> L., especially for flowers and leaves, which may have wide potential applications in the functional food, special food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics industries, and/or in medicine.

Item Description

10.3390/ph15070785
1424-8247