Immunomodulatory Effect of Polysaccharides from the Mushroom-Forming Basidiomycete <i>Gymnopilus imperialis</i> (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota)

• Main Authors: Lhaís A. Caldas (Author), Patricia D. Santos (Author), Elaine R. Carbonero (Author), Marisa Ionta (Author), Marta Miyazawa (Author), Ester S. Caixeta (Author), Antonio M. Fregnan (Author), Bianca Barros Nóbrega (Author), Maria Carolina B. Di Medeiros (Author), Nelson Menolli (Author), Douglas M. M. Soares (Author), Cassius V. Stevani (Author), Patricia Sartorelli (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Summary

<i>Gymnopilus</i> consists of a widely distributed genus of basidiomycetes, especially in tropical regions of the world, such as Japan, Australia, Paraguay, and Brazil. This genus biosynthesizes interesting bioactive compounds, such as sesquiterpenoids, oligoisoprenoids, styrylpyrones, and lectins. In the present study, the aqueous extract of the basidiomata of <i>Gymnopilus imperialis</i> (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Agaricales, Hymenogastraceae) was obtained by using the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technique, followed by the precipitation of polysaccharide fraction with ethanol. Further purification by freeze-thawing processes, Fehling solution precipitation, and membrane dialysis with different pore sizes yield three main polysaccharide fractions (<i>Gi</i>-MRSW, <i>Gi</i>-PFME, and <i>Gi</i>-SFME). According to monosaccharide composition and ¹³C-NMR data, the <i>Gi</i>-MRSW and <i>Gi</i>-SFME fractions showed to be composed mainly of β-glucans and <i>Gi</i>-PFME by a heterogalactan. Moreover, the immunomodulatory potential of <i>Gi</i>-MRSW was evaluated using RAW 264.7 murine macrophage as a study model. The nitric oxide production was significantly increased in treated samples, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) showed that the fraction <i>Gi</i>-MRSW from <i>G</i>. <i>imperialis</i> induces the M1 polarization phenotype.

Item Description

10.3390/ph15101179
1424-8247