Global prevalence of Clostridioides difficile in 17,148 food samples from 2009 to 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile is an important infectious pathogen, which causes mild-to-severe gastrointestinal infections by creating resistant spores and producing toxins. Spores contaminated foods might be one of the most significant transmission ways of C. difficile-...

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Main Authors: Soroush Borji (Author), Sepide Kadivarian (Author), Shirin Dashtbin (Author), Sara Kooti (Author), Ramin Abiri (Author), Hamid Motamedi (Author), Jale Moradi (Author), Mosayeb Rostamian (Author), Amirhooshang Alvandi (Author)
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Published: BMC, 2023-04-01T00:00:00Z.
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042 |a dc 
100 1 0 |a Soroush Borji  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Sepide Kadivarian  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Shirin Dashtbin  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Sara Kooti  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Ramin Abiri  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Hamid Motamedi  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Jale Moradi  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Mosayeb Rostamian  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Amirhooshang Alvandi  |e author 
245 0 0 |a Global prevalence of Clostridioides difficile in 17,148 food samples from 2009 to 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis 
260 |b BMC,   |c 2023-04-01T00:00:00Z. 
500 |a 10.1186/s41043-023-00369-3 
500 |a 2072-1315 
520 |a Abstract Background Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile is an important infectious pathogen, which causes mild-to-severe gastrointestinal infections by creating resistant spores and producing toxins. Spores contaminated foods might be one of the most significant transmission ways of C. difficile-associated infections. This systematic review and meta-analysis study were conducted to investigate the prevalence of C. difficile in food. Methods Articles that published the prevalence of C. difficile in food in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were retrieved using selected keywords between January 2009 and December 2019. Finally, 17,148 food samples from 60 studies from 20 countries were evaluated. Results The overall prevalence of C. difficile in various foods was 6.3%. The highest and lowest levels of C. difficile contamination were detected to seafood (10.3%) and side dishes (0.8%), respectively. The prevalence of C. difficile was 4% in cooked food, 6.2% in cooked chicken and 10% in cooked seafood. Conclusions There is still little known concerning the food-borne impact of C. difficile, but the reported contamination might pose a public health risk. Therefore, to improve the food safety and prevent contamination with C. difficile spores, it is necessary to observe hygienic issues during foods preparation, cooking and transfer. 
546 |a EN 
690 |a Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile 
690 |a Food 
690 |a Prevalence 
690 |a Public health 
690 |a Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases 
690 |a RC620-627 
690 |a Public aspects of medicine 
690 |a RA1-1270 
655 7 |a article  |2 local 
786 0 |n Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, Vol 42, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2023) 
787 0 |n https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-023-00369-3 
787 0 |n https://doaj.org/toc/2072-1315 
856 4 1 |u https://doaj.org/article/d0e77d4c8db74aa3b18a3a39b1a57c6a  |z Connect to this object online.