Bioactive Phytochemicals of <i>Citrus reticulata</i> Seeds-An Example of Waste Product Rich in Healthy Skin Promoting Agents

• Main Authors: Tarfah Al-Warhi (Author), Abeer H. Elmaidomy (Author), Samy Selim (Author), Mohammad M. Al-Sanea (Author), Mha Albqmi (Author), Ehab M. Mostafa (Author), Sabouni Ibrahim (Author), Mohammed M. Ghoneim (Author), Ahmed M. Sayed (Author), Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Summary

Phytochemical investigation of Egyptian mandarin orange (<i>Citrus reticulata</i> Blanco, F. Rutaceae) seeds afforded thirteen known compounds, <b>1</b>-<b>13</b>. The structures of isolated compounds were assigned using 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS analyses. To characterize the pharmacological activity of these compounds, several integrated virtual screening-based and molecular dynamics simulation-based experiments were applied. As a result, compounds <b>2</b>, <b>3</b> and <b>5</b> were putatively identified as hyaluronidase, xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitors. The subsequent in vitro testing was done to validate the in silico-based experiments to highlight the potential of these flavonoids as promising hyaluronidase, xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitors with IC₅₀ values ranging from 6.39 ± 0.36 to 73.7 ± 2.33 µM. The present study shed light on the potential of Egyptian mandarin orange's waste product (i.e., its seeds) as a skin health-promoting natural agent. Additionally, it revealed the applicability of integrated inverse docking-based virtual screening and MDS-based experiments in efficiently predicting the biological potential of natural products.

Item Description

10.3390/antiox11050984
2076-3921