<i>Schizochytrium</i> spp. Dietary Supplementation Modulates Immune-Oxidative Transcriptional Signatures in Monocytes and Neutrophils of Dairy Goats

• Main Authors: Panagiota Kyriakaki (Author), Alexandros Mavrommatis (Author), Eleni Tsiplakou (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Summary

The high propensity of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to oxidation can induce a cascade of cellular immune-oxidative imbalances. On the other hand, PUFA, namely docosapentaenoic acid (ω6-DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can exert immunomodulatory effects by suppressing a pro-inflammatory response. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with <i>Schizochytrium</i> spp. levels, rich in both ω6-DPA and DHA on the transcriptional profiling of genes involved in oxidative homeostasis and innate immunity of dairy goats' monocytes and neutrophils. Twenty-four dairy goats were divided into four homogeneous sub-groups; the diet of the control group (CON) had no <i>Schizochytrium</i> spp. while those of the treated groups were supplemented daily with 20 (ALG20), 40 (ALG40), and 60 (ALG60) g/goat/day. The mRNA levels of <i>MGST1</i> in neutrophils were downregulated (<i>p</i> = 0.037), while in monocytes, <i>SOD2</i> and <i>SOD3</i> were downregulated (<i>p</i> = 0.010 and <i>p</i> = 0.044, respectively) in ALG60 compared to the CON group. <i>GPX2</i> mRNA levels were downregulated (<i>p</i> = 0.036) in ALG20 and ALG60 compared to the CON group in neutrophils. <i>NOX1</i> was upregulated (<i>p</i> = 0.043) in the neutrophiles of ALG60-goats. <i>NOX2</i> was upregulated (<i>p</i> = 0.042) in the monocytes of ALG40-fed goats, while higher (<i>p</i> = 0.045) levels were also found in the ALG60 group in neutrophils. The mRNA levels of <i>COX2</i> were downregulated (<i>p</i> = 0.035) in monocytes of the ALG40 and ALG60 groups. The mRNA levels of <i>PTGER2</i> were also downregulated (<i>p</i> = 0.004) in monocytes of <i>Schizochytrium</i>-fed goats, while in neutrophils, significant downregulation (<i>p</i> = 0.024) was only found for ALG60 compared to the CON group. <i>ALOX5AP</i> mRNA levels were significantly decreased (<i>p</i> = 0.033) in ALG60 compared to the CON group in monocytes. <i>LTA4H</i> mRNA levels were increased (<i>p</i> = 0.015) in ALG60 compared to ALG20 and ALG40 groups in monocytes, while in neutrophils, a significant downregulation (<i>p</i> = 0.028) was observed in ALG20 compared to the CON group. The inclusion of more than 20 g <i>Schizochytrium</i> spp./day in goats' diet induced imbalances in mechanisms that regulate the antioxidant system, while downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory pathways in monocytes and neutrophils.

Item Description

10.3390/antiox12020497
2076-3921