TNF- α expression on rats after Candida albicans inoculation and neem (Azadirachta indica) extract feeding
<p><span style="font-family: TribuneBold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Background: </strong><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: norm...
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Universitas Airlangga,
2011-03-01T00:00:00Z.
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Summary: | <p><span style="font-family: TribuneBold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Background: </strong><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Neem is a known traditional medicine from trees which function as immunomodulator. Candidiasis found in </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>mouth is 80% caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans). Immunity is important to limit C. albicans since medicine price is relatively </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>traditional medicine may become a good choice. In the other side the medicine price may not be reached by the citizen, cause </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>citizen choose the traditional medicine. </em><span style="font-family: TribuneBold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Purpose: </strong><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>The research is aimed to explain of TNF-</em><span style="font-family: SymbolProportionalBT-Regular; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">α <span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>expression on rats after inoculated by </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>C. albicans and fed with neem extract (Azadirachta Indica). </em><span style="font-family: TribuneBold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Methods: </strong><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>There were 5 groups, the first group which was called as control </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>group (KO) hadn't been fed aqueous extract from neem leaves and was not inoculated by C. albicans, the other group (treatment) </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>was classified into 4 groups. The first group was inoculated by C. albicans only (KP1), second group was fed with 50 mg/day/kg body </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>weight aqueous extracts from Neem leaves, then inoculated with C. albicans starting from day 8 until day 21 (KP2), third group was </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>fed with 100 mg/day/kg body weight aqueous extract from Neem leaves, then inoculated with C. albicans start from day 8 until day 21 </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>(KP3), fourth group was fed with 200 mg/day/kg body weight aqueous extract from Neem leaves, then inoculated by C. albicans start </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>from day 8 until day 21 (KP4). The data was collected from by swabbing the rat's tongue to calculate C. albicans colonies. The rats </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>were acclimated and collected for immunohistochemistry measurement. </em><span style="font-family: TribuneBold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Results: </strong><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>The study showed that there were different result </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>on ANOVA, HSD test, and linier regression. ANOVA showed significant difference (p < 0.01) between groups. The HSD test showed </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>significant difference (p < 0.05) between each groups. TNF-</em><span style="font-family: SymbolProportionalBT-Regular; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">α <span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>was the stimuli sensor from environment, and used as parameter to see </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>the effect from the change of innate immunity component to C. albicans. </em><span style="font-family: TribuneBold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Conclusion: </strong><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Aqueous extract from neem leaves increased the </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>macrophage TNF-</em><span style="font-family: SymbolProportionalBT-Regular; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">α <span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>expression on in rat in oculated with C. albicans.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: TribuneBold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneBold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: SymbolProportionalBT-Regular; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneBold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneBold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: n ormal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: SymbolProportionalBT-Regular; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneBold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: SymbolProportionalBT-Regular; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> <span style="font-family: TribuneBold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Latar belakang: </strong><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Mimba merupakan salah satu tanaman obat tradisional yang telah dikenal masyarakat dan berfungsi sebagai </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>imunomodulator. Penyakit infeksi yang paling banyak dijumpai di rongga mulut (80%) adalah kandidiasis dengan penyebab utama </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Candida albicans (C. albicans). Di mana peran imunitas sangat penting pada C. albicans. Di sisi lain harga obat yang semakin mahal </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>semakin tidak terjangkau masyarakat, menyebabkan masyarakat memilih obat tradisional. </em><span style="font-family: TribuneBold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Tujuan: </strong><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Riset ini untuk menjelaskan tentang </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>ekspresi TNF-</em><span style="font-family: SymbolProportionalBT-Regular; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">α <span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>makrofag pada tikus wistar yang diinokulasi C. albicans dan diberi konsumsi ekstrak cair daun mimba. </em><span style="font-family: TribuneBold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Metode: </strong><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Penelitian ini terbagi menjadi 5 kelompok, kelompok kontrol (KO) tidak diberi perlakuan, kelompok yang diinokulasi C. albicans </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>(KP1), kelompok yang diberi konsumsi 50 mg/hari/kg dan diinokulasi C. albicans mulai dari hari 8 sampai hari 21 (KP2), kelompok </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>yang diberi konsumsi 100 mg/hari/kg dan diinokulasi C. albicans mulai dari hari 8 sampai hari 21 (KP3), kelompok yang diberi </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>konsumsi 200 mg/hari/kg dan diinokulasi C. albicans mulai dari hari 8 sampai hari 21 (KP4). Data dikumpulkan dari swabbing lidah </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>untuk dihitung koloni C. albicans dan jaringan lidah dengan metode immunohistochemistry untuk penghitungan sel makrofag yang </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>mengekspresikan TNF-</em><span style="font-family: SymbolProportionalBT-Regular; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">α<span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>. </em><span style="font-family: TribuneBold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Hasil: </strong><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Studi menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dari hasil ANOVA, uji HSD, regresi linier. </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan (p < 0,01) antar kelompok. Uji HSD menunjukkan perbedaan (p < 0,05) antar kelompok. Hal ini </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>dapat dikatakan bahwa TNF-</em><span style="font-family: SymbolProportionalBT-Regular; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">α <span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>adalah sensor stimuli dari lingkungan, yang digunakan sebagai parameter untuk melihat pengaruh dari</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> > <span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>perubahan dari komponen respons innate terhadap C. albicans. </em><span style="font-family: TribuneBold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Kesimpulan: </strong><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Ekstrak cair daun mimba dapa meningkatkan ekspresi </em><span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>makrofag TNF-</em><span style="font-family: SymbolProportionalBT-Regular; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">α <span style="font-family: TribuneItalic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>dari tikus yang diinokulasi C. albicans.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> |
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Item Description: | 1978-3728 2442-9740 10.20473/j.djmkg.v44.i1.p49-53 |