Sequential Biorefining of Bioactive Compounds of High Functional Value from Calafate Pomace (<i>Berberis microphylla</i>) Using Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> and Pressurized Liquids
A biorefinery process was developed for a freeze-dried pomace of calafate berries (<i>Berberis microphylla</i>). The process consisted of extraction of lipophilic components with supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (scCO<sub>2</sub>) and subsequent extraction of the resi...
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MDPI AG,
2023-01-01T00:00:00Z.
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| Gaia: | A biorefinery process was developed for a freeze-dried pomace of calafate berries (<i>Berberis microphylla</i>). The process consisted of extraction of lipophilic components with supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (scCO<sub>2</sub>) and subsequent extraction of the residue with a pressurized mixture of ethanol/water (1:1 <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>). scCO<sub>2</sub> extracted oil from the pomace, while pressurized liquid extraction generated a crude extract rich in phenols and a residue rich in fiber, proteins and minerals. Response surface analysis of scCO<sub>2</sub> extraction suggested optimal conditions of 60 °C, 358.5 bar and 144.6 min to obtain a lipid extract yield of 11.15% (d.w.). The dark yellow oil extract contained a good ratio of ω6/ω3 fatty acids (1:1.2), provitamin E tocopherols (406.6 mg/kg), and a peroxide index of 8.6 meq O<sub>2</sub>/kg. Pressurized liquid extraction generated a polar extract with good phenolic content (33 mg gallic acid equivalents /g d.w.), anthocyanins (8 mg/g) and antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test = 25 µg/mL and antioxidant activity = 63 µM Te/g). The extraction kinetics of oil by scCO<sub>2</sub> and phenolic compounds were optimally adjusted to the spline model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.989 and R<sup>2</sup> = 0.999, respectively). The solid extracted residue presented a fiber content close to cereals (56.4% d.w.) and acceptable values of proteins (29.6% d.w.) and minerals (14.1% d.w.). These eco-friendly processes valorize calafate pomace as a source of ingredients for formulation of healthy foods, nutraceuticals and nutritional supplements. |
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| Alearen deskribapena: | 10.3390/antiox12020323 2076-3921 |