Compensatory Interactions between Corneal and Internal Astigmatism despite Lifestyle Changes

This study explores whether children's refractive errors and visual behaviors reverted to pre-COVID-19 levels a year after normal schooling resumed in Hong Kong as well as the impact of corneal and internal astigmatism on refractive astigmatism development. Vision survey data and questionnaire...

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Main Authors: Yuanyuan Liang (Author), Byung-Soo Kang (Author), Chea-Su Kee (Author), Tsz-Wing Leung (Author)
Format: Book
Published: MDPI AG, 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z.
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042 |a dc 
100 1 0 |a Yuanyuan Liang  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Byung-Soo Kang  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Chea-Su Kee  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Tsz-Wing Leung  |e author 
245 0 0 |a Compensatory Interactions between Corneal and Internal Astigmatism despite Lifestyle Changes 
260 |b MDPI AG,   |c 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z. 
500 |a 10.3390/children11020154 
500 |a 2227-9067 
520 |a This study explores whether children's refractive errors and visual behaviors reverted to pre-COVID-19 levels a year after normal schooling resumed in Hong Kong as well as the impact of corneal and internal astigmatism on refractive astigmatism development. Vision survey data and questionnaire results collected in 2022 (<i>n</i> = 119) and 2020 (<i>n</i> = 173) were compared. Cross-sectional data showed similar proportions of astigmatism (cylindrical power ≥ 0.75 D) in the 2020 (49.1%) and 2022 cohorts (55.5%). Despite a 0.28 D increase in corneal astigmatism, a compensatory 0.24 D increase in internal astigmatism of opposite direction kept refractive astigmatism relatively stable. The questionnaire data showed that children spent an additional 0.5 h/day outdoors on weekends post-resumption of normal schooling but engaged in more near-work activities, especially non-screen near-work, by approximately 1 h/day on both weekdays and weekends. These findings were supported by longitudinal data from 72 children who participated in both surveys. This study highlights the significant role of corneal and internal astigmatism in refractive astigmatism changes. Despite the return to in-person classes, children's total near-work time increased and astigmatism remained high. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive strategies to reduce the high environmental risks for refractive error development in children. 
546 |a EN 
690 |a refractive astigmatism 
690 |a corneal astigmatism 
690 |a internal astigmatism 
690 |a near-work time 
690 |a outdoor time 
690 |a Pediatrics 
690 |a RJ1-570 
655 7 |a article  |2 local 
786 0 |n Children, Vol 11, Iss 2, p 154 (2024) 
787 0 |n https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/11/2/154 
787 0 |n https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9067 
856 4 1 |u https://doaj.org/article/e974f1b3030e4a738c20eaeba0d56399  |z Connect to this object online.