Extracellular Vesicles: Evolving Factors in Stem Cell Biology

• 主要な著者: Muhammad Nawaz (著者), Farah Fatima (著者), Krishna C. Vallabhaneni (著者), Patrice Penfornis (著者), Hadi Valadi (著者), Karin Ekström (著者), Sharad Kholia (著者), Jason D. Whitt (著者), Joseph D. Fernandes (著者), Radhika Pochampally (著者), Jeremy A. Squire (著者), Giovanni Camussi (著者)
• フォーマット: 図書
• 出版事項: Hindawi Limited, 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z.
• 主題: article
• オンライン･アクセス: Connect to this object online.

要約

Stem cells are proposed to continuously secrete trophic factors that potentially serve as mediators of autocrine and paracrine activities, associated with reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment, tissue regeneration, and repair. Hitherto, significant efforts have been made to understand the level of underlying paracrine activities influenced by stem cell secreted trophic factors, as little is known about these interactions. Recent findings, however, elucidate this role by reporting the effects of stem cell derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) that mimic the phenotypes of the cells from which they originate. Exchange of genetic information utilizing persistent bidirectional communication mediated by stem cell-EVs could regulate stemness, self-renewal, and differentiation in stem cells and their subpopulations. This review therefore discusses stem cell-EVs as evolving communication factors in stem cell biology, focusing on how they regulate cell fates by inducing persistent and prolonged genetic reprogramming of resident cells in a paracrine fashion. In addition, we address the role of stem cell-secreted vesicles in shaping the tumor microenvironment and immunomodulation and in their ability to stimulate endogenous repair processes during tissue damage. Collectively, these functions ensure an enormous potential for future therapies.

記述事項

1687-966X
1687-9678
10.1155/2016/1073140