New Genetic Bomb Trigger: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and Biological Evaluation of Novel BIBR1532-Related Analogs Targeting Telomerase against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

• Main Authors: Haytham O. Tawfik (Author), Anwar A. El-Hamaky (Author), Eman A. El-Bastawissy (Author), Kirill A. Shcherbakov (Author), Alexander V. Veselovsky (Author), Yulia A. Gladilina (Author), Dmitry D. Zhdanov (Author), Mervat H. El-Hamamsy (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Summary

Telomeres serve a critical function in cell replication and proliferation at every stage of the cell cycle. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein, responsible for maintaining the telomere length and chromosomal integrity of frequently dividing cells. Although it is silenced in most human somatic cells, telomere restoration occurs in cancer cells because of telomerase activation or alternative telomere lengthening. The telomerase enzyme is a universal anticancer target that is expressed in 85-95% of cancers. <b>BIBR1532</b> is a selective non-nucleoside potent telomerase inhibitor that acts by direct noncompetitive inhibition. Relying on its structural features, three different series were designed, and 30 novel compounds were synthesized and biologically evaluated as telomerase inhibitors using a telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. Target compounds <b>29a</b>, <b>36b</b>, and <b>39b</b> reported the greatest inhibitory effect on telomerase enzyme with IC₅₀ values of 1.7, 0.3, and 2.0 μM, respectively, while <b>BIBR1532</b> displayed IC₅₀ = 0.2 μM. Compounds <b>29a</b>, <b>36b</b>, and <b>39b</b> were subsequently tested using a living-cell TRAP assay and were able to penetrate the cell membrane and inhibit telomerase inside living cancer cells. Compound <b>36b</b> was tested for cytotoxicity against 60 cancer cell lines using the NCI (USA) procedure, and the % growth was minimally impacted, indicating telomerase enzyme selectivity. To investigate the interaction of compound <b>36b</b> with the telomerase allosteric binding site, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used.

Item Description

10.3390/ph15040481
1424-8247