The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health

• Main Authors: Poul Erik Petersen (Author), Denis Bourgeois (Author), Hiroshi Ogawa (Author), Saskia Estupinan-Day (Author), Charlotte Ndiaye (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: The World Health Organization, 2005-09-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 0042-9686
• Keywords: Enfermedades de la boca; Odontopatías; Manifestaciones bucales; Atención odontológica; Caries dental; Neoplasmas de la boca; Infecciones por VIH; Noma; Erosión dentaria; Incapacidades del desarrollo; Fluorosis dentaria; Factores de riesgo; Costo de la enfermedad; Public aspects of medicine; RA1-1270
• Source: Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol 83, Iss 9, Pp 661-669 (2005)

This paper outlines the burden of oral diseases worldwide and describes the influence of major sociobehavioural risk factors in oral health. Despite great improvements in the oral health of populations in several countries, global problems still persist. The burden of oral disease is particularly high for the disadvantaged and poor population groups in both developing and developed countries. Oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease, tooth loss, oral mucosal lesions and oropharyngeal cancers, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)-related oral disease and orodental trauma are major public health problems worldwide and poor oral health has a profound effect on general health and quality of life. The diversity in oral disease patterns and development trends across countries and regions reflects distinct risk profiles and the establishment of preventive oral health care programmes. The important role of sociobehavioural and environmental factors in oral health and disease has been shown in a large number of socioepidemiological surveys. In addition to poor living conditions, the major risk factors relate to unhealthy lifestyles (i.e. poor diet, nutrition and oral hygiene and use of tobacco and alcohol), and limited availability and accessibility of oral health services. Several oral diseases are linked to noncommunicable chronic diseases primarily because of common risk factors. Moreover, general diseases often have oral manifestations (e.g. diabetes or HIV/AIDS). Worldwide strengthening of public health programmes through the implementation of effective measures for the prevention of oral disease and promotion of oral health is urgently needed. The challenges of improving oral health are particularly great in developing countries.