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Hard water softening effect of a baby cleanser

Russel M Walters, Emmanuel Anim-Danso, Stephanie M Amato, Kimberly A Capone, M Catherine Mack, Lorena S Telofski, David A Mays Skin Care Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA Background: Hard water is...

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Main Authors: Walters RM (Author), Anim-Danso E (Author), Amato SM (Author), Capone KA (Author), Mack MC (Author), Telofski LS (Author), Mays DA (Author)
Format: Book
Published: Dove Medical Press, 2016-10-01T00:00:00Z.
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Summary:Russel M Walters,&nbsp;Emmanuel Anim-Danso,&nbsp;Stephanie M Amato,&nbsp;Kimberly A Capone,&nbsp;M Catherine Mack,&nbsp;Lorena S Telofski,&nbsp;David A Mays Skin Care Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA Background: Hard water is associated with atopic dermatitis (eczema). We wanted to determine if a baby cleanser and its individual components altered free ionized calcium (Ca2+) in&nbsp;a simulated hard water baby bath. For these studies, an in vitro determination of free Ca2+ in a&nbsp;simulated hard water baby bath, and an in vivo exploratory study of free Ca2+ absorption into skin from hard water were performed.Methods: Free Ca2+ was measured with an ion-sensitive electrode in vitro in hard water (100&ndash;500&nbsp;ppm, Ca2+) before and after addition of the cleanser and/or its components. In an exploratory study, absorption of Ca2+ into skin from hard water was determined in three female participants (aged 21&ndash;29 years).Results: At an in-use dilution of 1%, the test cleanser reduced free Ca2+ from ~500 ppm to <200&nbsp;ppm; a 10% in-use dilution bound virtually all free Ca2+. The anionic surfactant component contributed the most to this effect. In the exploratory in vivo study, we measured a reduction of ~15% in free Ca2+ from simulated hard water over 10 minutes.Conclusion: Baby cleansers can bind free Ca2+ and reduce the effective water hardness of bath water. Reducing the amount of free Ca2+ in the water will reduce the availability of the ion for binding to the skin. Altering or reducing free Ca2+ concentrations in bath water may be an important parameter in creating the ideal baby bath. Keywords: bath, cleanser, hard water, infant, neonate, surfactant
Item Description:1178-7015

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