Prevalencia de hipertensión arterial y factores asociados en la población rural marginada Prevalence and risk factors related to systemic arterial hypertension in a rural marginated population - Jesús Fernando Guerrero-Romero; Martha Rodríguez-Morán (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 1998)
Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la hipertensión arterial sistémica (HAS) en la población rural marginada de Durango, México. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal comparativo en 627 comunidades rurales, de las que aproximadamente 90% tiene 250 o menos habitantes. Se determinaron las cifras de presión arterial y las variables sociodemográficas. Resultados. Se estudiaron 5 802 sujetos, es decir, 4 452 mujeres (76.7%) y 1 350 hombres (23.3%). Se identificó HAS en 1 271 individuos (21.9%; IC95% 20.8-23.0), de los cuales 1 011 eran mujeres (22.71%; IC95% 21.5-23.9), y 260, hombres (19.26%; IC95% 17.2-21.4). Del total de la población blanco, 3 018 personas (52.0%) viven en comunidades con menos de 250 habitantes, 2 080 (60.9%) mujeres y 938 (31.1%) hombres; en ésta se identificó HAS en 445 casos (14.74%; IC95% 13.5-16.0), de los cuales 326 son mujeres (15.7%; IC95% 14.1-17.3), y 119, hombres (12.7%; IC95% 10.6-14.9). Los principales factores de riesgo relacionados con la HAS fueron la obesidad, el diagnóstico de diabetes tipo 2 y el consumo de alcohol y tabaco. Conclusiones. Al parecer la prevalencia de HAS en la población rural marginada se relaciona con el grado de desarrollo de las comunidades. Objective. To determine the prevalence and risk factors related to systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) in the rural marginated population of Durango, Mexico. Material and methods. A comparative cross-sectional study was performed in 627 rural communities, approximately 90% of which have 250 inhabitants or less. The arterial pressure and sociodemographic variables were determined. Results. A total of 5 802 subjects were studied, 4 452 women (76.7%) and 1 350 men (23.3%). SAH was found in 1 271 individuals (21.9%; CI 95% 20.8-23.0) of which 1 011 were women (22.71%; CI 95% 21.5-23.9) and 260 were men (19.26%; CI 95% 17.2-21.4). Of the target population, 3 018 individuals (52.0%) live in communities of less than 250 inhabitants, 2 080 (60.9%) women and 938 (31.1%) men. In this group, SAH was identified in 445 cases (14.74%; CI 95% 13.5-16.0) of which 326 are women (15.7%; CI 95% 14.1-17.3) and 119, men (12.7%; CI 95% 10.6-14.9). The main risk factors related to SAH were obesity, type 2 diabetes, alcohol and tobacco consumption. Conclusions. The prevalence of SAH in the rural marginated population is apparently related to the degree of development of the communities.