Activity in nature mediates a park prescription intervention's effects on physical activity, park use and quality of life: a mixed-methods process evaluation

Abstract Background This process evaluation explored the implementation and mechanisms of impact of a Park Prescription Intervention trial (PPI), including the effects of hypothesised mediators (motivation, social support, recreational physical activity [PA], park use and park PA) on trial outcomes....

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Main Authors: Nicholas Petrunoff (Author), Jiali Yao (Author), Angelia Sia (Author), Alwyn Ng (Author), Anbumalar Ramiah (Author), Michael Wong (Author), Jane Han (Author), Bee Choo Tai (Author), Léonie Uijtdewilligen (Author), Falk Müller-Riemenschneider (Author)
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Published: BMC, 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z.
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042 |a dc 
100 1 0 |a Nicholas Petrunoff  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Jiali Yao  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Angelia Sia  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Alwyn Ng  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Anbumalar Ramiah  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Michael Wong  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Jane Han  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Bee Choo Tai  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Léonie Uijtdewilligen  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Falk Müller-Riemenschneider  |e author 
245 0 0 |a Activity in nature mediates a park prescription intervention's effects on physical activity, park use and quality of life: a mixed-methods process evaluation 
260 |b BMC,   |c 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z. 
500 |a 10.1186/s12889-021-10177-1 
500 |a 1471-2458 
520 |a Abstract Background This process evaluation explored the implementation and mechanisms of impact of a Park Prescription Intervention trial (PPI), including the effects of hypothesised mediators (motivation, social support, recreational physical activity [PA], park use and park PA) on trial outcomes. Methods Participants from the community were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 80) or control (n = 80) group. The intervention included baseline counselling, a prescription of exercise in parks, materials, three-month follow-up counselling and 26 weekly group exercise sessions in parks. Process evaluation indicators were assessed at three- and six-months. Implementation indicators included participation rates in intervention components and survey questions plus focus group discussions (FGDs) to understand which components participants valued. FGDs further assessed barriers and facilitators to intervention participation. To explore mechanisms of impact, linear regression was used to compare objectively measured PA between quantiles of group exercise participation. Structural equation modelling (SEM) explored hypothesised mediation of the significant intervention effects. Framework analysis was conducted for FGDs. Results Participants were middle-aged (mean 51, SD ± 6.3 years), predominantly female (79%) and of Chinese ethnicity (81%). All intervention participants received baseline counselling, the park prescription and materials, whilst 94% received the follow-up counselling. Mean minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA/week (95% CI) differed by group exercise participation (p = 0.018): 0% participation (n = 18) 128.3 (69.3, 187.2) minutes, > 0-35.9% participation (n = 18) 100.3 (36.9, 163.6) minutes, > 35.9-67.9% participation (n = 17) 50.5 (− 4.9, 105.9) minutes and > 67.9% participation (n = 18) 177.4 (122.0, 232.8) minutes. Park PA at three-months had significant mediating effects (95% CI) on recreational PA 26.50 (6.65, 49.37) minutes/week, park use 185.38 (45.40, 353.74) minutes/month, park PA/month 165.48 (33.14, 334.16) minutes and psychological quality of life score 1.25 (0.19, 2.69) at six-months. Prioritising time with family and preferences for unstructured activities were barriers to intervention participation. Human interaction via follow-up or group exercise were facilitators. Conclusion This process evaluation showed park PA consistently mediated effects of the PPI, suggesting activity in parks was a mechanism of its effects. To optimise effectiveness, participants' preference for prioritising time with family through family involvement and tailoring the intervention to participants' preferences for structured or unstructured PA could be considered in future studies. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02615392 , 26 November 2015. 
546 |a EN 
690 |a Parks 
690 |a Urban green space 
690 |a Physical activity 
690 |a Process evaluation 
690 |a Mediation analysis 
690 |a Public aspects of medicine 
690 |a RA1-1270 
655 7 |a article  |2 local 
786 0 |n BMC Public Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021) 
787 0 |n https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10177-1 
787 0 |n https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2458 
856 4 1 |u https://doaj.org/article/f7d9e1e412e84a7b9ac7b5229f9201a8  |z Connect to this object online.