In Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Advanced Glycation End-Products Receptors Isoforms (sRAGE and esRAGE) Are Associated with Malnutrition

• Main Authors: Lara Caldiroli (Author), Paolo Molinari (Author), Elena Dozio (Author), Roberta Rigolini (Author), Paola Giubbilini (Author), Massimiliano M. Corsi Romanelli (Author), Giuseppe Castellano (Author), Simone Vettoretti (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 10.3390/antiox11071253; 2076-3921
• Keywords: chronic kidney disease (CKD); malnutrition; advanced glycation end-products (AGEs); soluble receptor for AGE (sRAGE); cleaved RAGE (cRAGE); endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE); Therapeutics. Pharmacology; RM1-950
• Source: Antioxidants, Vol 11, Iss 7, p 1253 (2022)

Background: in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the inflammatory and pro-oxidant milieu may contribute to malnutrition development. In this study, we investigated the relationship between inflammation, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and their receptors (RAGEs) with malnutrition in CKD patients. Methods: we evaluated 117 patients. AGEs were quantified by fluorescence intensity using a fluorescence spectrophotometer, soluble RAGEs isoforms, and inflammatory interleukins by ELISA. Malnutrition was assessed by a malnutrition inflammation score. Results: mean age was 80 ± +11 years, eGFR was 25 ± +11 mL/min/1.73 m² and BMI was 28 ± 5 Kg/m². Malnourished individuals were older, had lower estimated protein intake (nPCR 0.65 ± 0.2 vs. 0.8 ± 0.2 vs. 0.8 ± 0.3, <i>p</i> = 0.01), higher C reactive protein (CRP 0.6 ± 1 vs. 0.6 ± 0.7 vs. 0.17 ± 0.13, <i>p</i> = 0.02) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α 14.7 ± 8.7 vs. 15.6 ± 8 vs. 11.8 ± 5.8, <i>p</i> = 0.029). Malnourished patients had higher sRAGE (2813 ± 1477 vs. 2158 ± 1236 vs. 2314 ± 1115, <i>p</i> = 0.035) and esRAGE (648 [408-1049] vs. 476 [355-680] vs. 545 [380-730] <i>p</i> = 0.033). In the multivariate analysis, only sRAGE maintained its association with malnutrition (<i>p</i> = 0.02) independently of aging and inflammation. Conclusions: in CKD patients, RAGEs isoforms, but not AGEs, are associated with malnutrition, irrespective of systemic inflammation, aging, and renal function.