Methicillin Resistance Elements in the Canine Pathogen <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> and Their Association with the Peptide Toxin PSM-mec
<i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> is a frequent cause of infections in dogs. Infectious isolates of this coagulase-positive staphylococcal species are often methicillin- and multidrug-resistant, which complicates therapy. In staphylococci, methicillin resistance is encoded by determ...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Book |
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MDPI AG,
2024-01-01T00:00:00Z.
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| Summary: | <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> is a frequent cause of infections in dogs. Infectious isolates of this coagulase-positive staphylococcal species are often methicillin- and multidrug-resistant, which complicates therapy. In staphylococci, methicillin resistance is encoded by determinants found on mobile genetic elements called Staphylococcal Chromosome Cassette <i>mec</i> (SCC<i>mec</i>), which, in addition to methicillin resistance factors, sometimes encode additional genes, such as further resistance factors and, rarely, virulence determinants. In this study, we analyzed SCC<i>mec</i> in a collection of infectious methicillin-resistant <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> (MRSP) isolates from predominant lineages in the United States. We found that several lineages characteristically have specific types of SCC<i>mec</i> elements and Agr types and harbor additional factors in their SCC<i>mec</i> elements that may promote virulence or affect DNA uptake. All isolates had SCC<i>mec</i>-encoded restriction-modification (R-M) systems of types I or II, and sequence types (STs) ST84 and ST64 had one type II and one type I R-M system, although the latter lacked a complete methylation enzyme gene. ST68 isolates also had an SCC<i>mec</i>-encoded CRISPR system. ST71 isolates had a <i>psm-mec</i> gene, which, in all but apparently Agr-dysfunctional isolates, produced a PSM-mec peptide toxin, albeit at relatively small amounts. This study gives detailed insight into the composition of SCC<i>mec</i> elements in infectious isolates of <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> and lays the genetic foundation for further efforts directed at elucidating the contribution of identified accessory SCC<i>mec</i> factors in impacting SCC<i>mec</i>-encoded and thus methicillin resistance-associated virulence and resistance to DNA uptake in this leading canine pathogen. |
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| Item Description: | 10.3390/antibiotics13020130 2079-6382 |