First Experimental Evidence for the Presence of Potentially Virulent <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i> in 14 Species of Commonly Consumed Aquatic Animals, and Phenotyping and Genotyping of <i>K</i><i>. oxytoca</i> Isolates
<i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i> is a recently emerging pathogen that can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, hemorrhagic colitis, sepsis-associated purpura fulminans, and infective endocarditis in humans. The bacterium is ubiquitous in water and soil environments. Nevertheless, current literature...
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| Format: | Book |
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MDPI AG,
2021-10-01T00:00:00Z.
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| Summary: | <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i> is a recently emerging pathogen that can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, hemorrhagic colitis, sepsis-associated purpura fulminans, and infective endocarditis in humans. The bacterium is ubiquitous in water and soil environments. Nevertheless, current literature on <i>K. oxytoca</i> in aquatic products is rare. In this study, we surveyed <i>K. oxytoca</i> contamination in 41 species of consumable aquatic animals sold in July, August, and September of 2018 and 2019 in Shanghai, China, 40 of which had no history of carrying this bacterium. <i>K. oxytoca</i> was for the first time isolated from 14 species with high abundance in benthic animals. None of the <i>K. oxytoca</i> isolates (<i>n</i> = 125) harbored toxin genes <i>mviM</i>, <i>tisB</i>, and <i>yqgB</i>. However, a high occurrence of virulence-associated genes was observed, including <i>brkB</i> (73.6%), <i>cdcB</i> (66.4%), <i>pduV</i> (64.8%), and <i>virk</i> (63.2%). Resistance to sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (56.0%) was the most predominant among the isolates, followed by chloramphenicol (6.4%), tetracycline (5.6%), and kanamycin (3.2%). Approximately 8.0% of the isolates displayed multidrug resistant phenotypes. Meanwhile, high percentages of the isolates tolerated the heavy metals Cu<sup>2+</sup> (84.8%), Pb<sup>2+</sup> (80.8%), Cr<sup>3+</sup> (66.4%), Zn<sup>2+</sup> (66.4%), and Hg<sup>2+</sup> (49.6%). Different virulence and resistance profiles were observed among <i>K. oxytoca</i> isolates in 3 types and 14 species of aquatic animals. The ERIC-PCR-based genome fingerprinting of the 125 <i>K. oxytoca</i> isolates revealed 108 ERIC genotypes with 79 singletons, which demonstrated the genetic diversity of the isolates. The results of this study fill gaps for policy and research in the risk assessment of <i>K. oxytoca</i> in consumable aquatic animals. |
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| Item Description: | 10.3390/antibiotics10101235 2079-6382 |