The impact of vitamin D on clinical parameters and bone turnover biomarkers in ligature-induced periodontitis: An experimental study in rats

• Main Authors: Muhammad Hilmi Zainal (Author), Faizal Hafez Hidayat (Author), Fouad H. Al Bayaty (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Elsevier, 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 1013-9052; 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.07.020
• Keywords: Alveolar bone; Vitamin D; Periodontitis; Rats; Medicine; R; Dentistry; RK1-715
• Source: Saudi Dental Journal, Vol 35, Iss 8, Pp 975-980 (2023)

Objectives and Background: Vitamin D has been associated with an increased risk of tooth loss and the severity of periodontal diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on the clinical, radiographic, and serum level changes of bone turnover biomarkers in ligature-induced periodontitis. Methods: A total of 28 rats were included in this study and divided into test groups: Vitamin D supplement (VS), Vitamin D deficient (VD), and control (CG). Ligature-induced periodontal tissue destruction was performed and kept for 21 days. Clinical attachment and radiographic changes were recorded, and serum samples were tested for Osteoprotegerin (OPG), Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), Sclerostin (SOST), and Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) on the initial and final day of the study. Results: Groups that were made VD exhibited a more significant amount of clinical attachment loss (1.05 ± 0.50 mm) compared to the CG (0.83 ± 0.14 mm) and VS group (0.60 ± 0.13 mm), showing significant differences (p < 0.05). The radiographic alveolar bone loss amount was greater in the VD group compared to the other groups. For serum level assessment, the VD groups also exhibited a statistically significant reduction in the levels of OPG. They showed higher concentrations of DKK1, SOST, and FGF23 than other groups, with significant differences (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results revealed that Vitamin D may play a role in the progression of periodontal disease. It was found to affect both clinical parameters and bone turnover biomarkers, suggesting its potential impact on the disease process.